better lockscreen

Firmware/components/backend-esp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ idf_component_register(
         "src/buttons.cpp"
         "src/buzzer.cpp"
         "src/esp_backend.cpp"
-        "src/event_bus.cpp"
         "src/display.cpp"
         "src/fs_helper.cpp"
         "src/i2c_global.cpp"

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/buttons.hpp

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 #ifndef BUTTONS_HPP
 #define BUTTONS_HPP
 
-#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
-
 #include <cstdint>
+
+#include "cardboy/sdk/input_state.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
 #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
 #include "freertos/task.h"
 
@@ -24,20 +25,19 @@ typedef enum {
 
 class Buttons {
 public:
-    static Buttons& get();
-    void            pooler(); // FIXME:
-    uint8_t         get_pressed();
-    void            install_isr();
-    void            register_listener(TaskHandle_t task);
-    void            setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus);
+    static Buttons&          get();
+    void                     pooler(); // FIXME:
+    uint8_t                  get_pressed();
+    cardboy::sdk::InputState get_state();
+    void                     install_isr();
+    void                     setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus);
 
     TaskHandle_t _pooler_task;
 
 private:
     Buttons();
-
+    uint8_t                  _previous;
     volatile uint8_t         _current;
-    volatile TaskHandle_t    _listener = nullptr;
     cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* _eventBus = nullptr;
 };
 

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp>
-
-#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
-#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
-#include "freertos/queue.h"
-
-namespace cardboy::backend::esp {
-
-class EventBus final : public cardboy::sdk::IEventBus {
-public:
-    EventBus();
-    ~EventBus() override;
-
-    void          signal(std::uint32_t bits) override;
-    void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) override;
-    std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) override;
-    void          postEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override;
-    bool          popEvent(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) override;
-
-private:
-    EventGroupHandle_t group;
-    QueueHandle_t      eventQueue;
-};
-
-} // namespace cardboy::backend::esp

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp_backend.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include <cardboy/sdk/display_spec.hpp>
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/display.hpp"
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
 
@@ -63,19 +62,22 @@ private:
     class LoopHooksService;
     class NotificationService;
     class TimerService;
+    class EventBus;
+    class AppScopedServices;
+    class AppServiceProvider;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<BuzzerService>       buzzerService;
-    std::unique_ptr<BatteryService>      batteryService;
-    std::unique_ptr<StorageService>      storageService;
-    std::unique_ptr<RandomService>       randomService;
-    std::unique_ptr<HighResClockService> highResClockService;
-    std::unique_ptr<FilesystemService>   filesystemService;
-    std::unique_ptr<EventBus>            eventBus;
-    std::unique_ptr<TimerService>        timerService;
-    std::unique_ptr<LoopHooksService>    loopHooksService;
-    std::unique_ptr<NotificationService> notificationService;
+    std::unique_ptr<BuzzerService>       _buzzerService;
+    std::unique_ptr<BatteryService>      _batteryService;
+    std::unique_ptr<StorageService>      _storageService;
+    std::unique_ptr<RandomService>       _randomService;
+    std::unique_ptr<HighResClockService> _highResClockService;
+    std::unique_ptr<FilesystemService>   _filesystemService;
+    std::unique_ptr<EventBus>            _eventBus;
+    std::unique_ptr<LoopHooksService>    _loopHooksService;
+    std::unique_ptr<NotificationService> _notificationService;
+    std::unique_ptr<AppServiceProvider> _appServiceProvider;
 
-    cardboy::sdk::Services services{};
+    cardboy::sdk::Services _services{};
 };
 
 struct Backend {

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/buttons.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/config.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/i2c_global.hpp"
-#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
 
 static i2c_master_dev_handle_t    dev_handle;
 static inline i2c_device_config_t dev_cfg = {
@@ -76,6 +75,28 @@ static void delay(unsigned long long loop) {
     }
 }
 
+static cardboy::sdk::InputState buttons_to_input_state(uint8_t pressed) {
+    cardboy::sdk::InputState state{};
+    if (pressed & BTN_UP)
+        state.up = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_LEFT)
+        state.left = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_RIGHT)
+        state.right = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_DOWN)
+        state.down = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_A)
+        state.a = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_B)
+        state.b = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_SELECT)
+        state.select = true;
+    if (pressed & BTN_START)
+        state.start = true;
+    return state;
+}
+
+
 void Buttons::pooler() {
     while (true) {
         BaseType_t xResult = xTaskNotifyWait(pdFALSE, ULONG_MAX, nullptr, portMAX_DELAY);
@@ -88,15 +109,27 @@ void Buttons::pooler() {
         reg = 1;
         ESP_ERROR_CHECK(
                 i2c_master_transmit_receive(dev_handle, &reg, sizeof(reg), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&buffer), 1, -1));
-        if (_listener)
-            xTaskNotifyGive(_listener);
-        if (_eventBus)
-            _eventBus->signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Input));
+
+
+        if (_eventBus) {
+            cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent button{};
+            button.current  = buttons_to_input_state(_current);
+            button.previous = buttons_to_input_state(_previous);
+            _previous       = _current;
+
+            cardboy::sdk::AppEvent evt{};
+
+            // TODO: dedup?
+            TickType_t ticks = xTaskGetTickCount();
+            auto now = static_cast<std::uint32_t>((static_cast<std::uint64_t>(ticks) * 1000ULL) / configTICK_RATE_HZ);
+
+            evt.timestamp_ms = now;
+            evt.data         = button;
+            _eventBus->post(evt);
+        }
     }
 }
-uint8_t Buttons::get_pressed() { return _current; }
-void    Buttons::install_isr() { gpio_isr_handler_add(EXP_INT, wakeup, nullptr); }
-
-void Buttons::register_listener(TaskHandle_t task) { _listener = task; }
-
-void Buttons::setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus) { _eventBus = bus; }
+uint8_t                  Buttons::get_pressed() { return _current; }
+void                     Buttons::install_isr() { gpio_isr_handler_add(EXP_INT, wakeup, nullptr); }
+cardboy::sdk::InputState Buttons::get_state() { return buttons_to_input_state(get_pressed()); }
+void                     Buttons::setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus) { _eventBus = bus; }

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/esp_backend.cpp

@@ -18,15 +18,17 @@
 #include "esp_random.h"
 #include "esp_timer.h"
 #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
-#include "freertos/task.h"
 #include "freertos/semphr.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
 #include "freertos/timers.h"
 #include "nvs.h"
 #include "nvs_flash.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <deque>
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
@@ -134,61 +136,99 @@ public:
     void onLoopIteration() override { vTaskDelay(1); }
 };
 
-class EspRuntime::TimerService final : public cardboy::sdk::ITimerService {
+class EspRuntime::EventBus final : public cardboy::sdk::IEventBus {
 public:
-    explicit TimerService(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus);
-    ~TimerService() override;
+    explicit EventBus() {
+        _queueHandle =
+                xQueueCreateStatic(_kMaxQueueSize, sizeof(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent), _queueStorage.data(), &_queue);
+    }
 
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  acquireClient() override;
-    void                         releaseClient(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) override;
-    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId, std::uint32_t delay_ms,
-                                               bool repeat) override;
-    void cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId, cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) override;
-    void cancelAllTimers(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) override;
+    ~EventBus() override { vQueueDelete(_queueHandle); }
+    void post(const sdk::AppEvent& event) override { xQueueSendToBack(_queueHandle, &event, portMAX_DELAY); }
+    std::optional<sdk::AppEvent> pop(std::optional<std::uint32_t> timeout_ms = std::nullopt) override {
+        sdk::AppEvent out;
+        TickType_t    ticks = timeout_ms ? pdMS_TO_TICKS(*timeout_ms) : portMAX_DELAY;
+        if (xQueueReceive(_queueHandle, &out, ticks) == pdTRUE) {
+            return out;
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 
 private:
-    struct TimerRecord {
-        TimerService*                 owner    = nullptr;
-        TimerHandle_t                 timer    = nullptr;
-        cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId   clientId = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient;
-        cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle  handle   = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        bool                          repeat   = false;
-        bool                          active   = true;
-    };
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t                                _kMaxQueueSize = 32;
+    StaticQueue_t                                                 _queue;
+    std::array<std::uint8_t, 32 * sizeof(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent)> _queueStorage{};
+    QueueHandle_t                                                 _queueHandle;
+};
 
-    class RecursiveLock {
-    public:
-        explicit RecursiveLock(SemaphoreHandle_t m) : mutex(m) { lock(); }
-        ~RecursiveLock() { unlock(); }
 
-        void lock() {
-            if (mutex && !locked) {
-                if (xSemaphoreTakeRecursive(mutex, portMAX_DELAY) == pdTRUE)
-                    locked = true;
-            }
+class EspRuntime::TimerService final : public cardboy::sdk::ITimerService {
+public:
+    explicit TimerService(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& appBus);
+    ~TimerService() override;
+
+    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) override;
+    void                         cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) override;
+    void                         cancelAllTimers() override;
+
+private:
+    static inline EspRuntime::TimerService* _current = nullptr;
+    struct InitializedSemaphore {
+        InitializedSemaphore() {
+            _handle = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
+            xSemaphoreGive(_handle);
         }
+        ~InitializedSemaphore() { vSemaphoreDelete(_handle); }
 
-        void unlock() {
-            if (mutex && locked) {
-                xSemaphoreGiveRecursive(mutex);
-                locked = false;
-            }
-        }
+        SemaphoreHandle_t operator*() { return _handle; }
+        SemaphoreHandle_t operator->() { return _handle; }
 
     private:
-        SemaphoreHandle_t mutex;
-        bool              locked = false;
+        SemaphoreHandle_t _handle;
+    };
+    static inline InitializedSemaphore _currentSemaphore;
+
+    struct TimerRecord {
+        TimerService*                owner  = nullptr;
+        TimerHandle_t                timer  = nullptr;
+        cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+        bool                         repeat = false;
     };
 
     static void timerCallback(TimerHandle_t timer);
-    void        handleTimer(TimerRecord* record);
-    void        shutdown();
+    void        handleTimer(sdk::AppTimerHandle record);
 
-    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus&     eventBus;
-    SemaphoreHandle_t            mutex = nullptr;
-    std::list<TimerRecord>       timers;
-    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle nextTimerHandle = 1;
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  nextClientId    = 1;
+    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus&         _appEventBus;
+    SemaphoreHandle_t                _mutex;
+    StaticSemaphore_t                _mutexStatic;
+    std::list<TimerRecord>           _timers;
+    std::atomic<sdk::AppTimerHandle> _nextTimerHandle = 1;
+    static_assert(std::atomic<sdk::AppTimerHandle>::is_always_lock_free);
+};
+
+class EspRuntime::AppScopedServices final : public cardboy::sdk::AppScopedServices {
+public:
+    AppScopedServices(std::unique_ptr<TimerService> timer) : _ownedTimer(std::move(timer)) {
+        this->timer = _ownedTimer.get();
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<TimerService> _ownedTimer;
+};
+
+class EspRuntime::AppServiceProvider final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppServiceProvider {
+public:
+    explicit AppServiceProvider(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus) : eventBus(bus) {}
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::AppScopedServices>
+    createScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation) override {
+        (void) generation;
+        auto timer = std::make_unique<TimerService>(eventBus);
+        return std::make_unique<AppScopedServices>(std::move(timer));
+    }
+
+private:
+    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& eventBus;
 };
 
 class EspRuntime::NotificationService final : public cardboy::sdk::INotificationCenter {
@@ -262,8 +302,8 @@ public:
         bool                        removed = false;
         for (auto it = entries.begin(); it != entries.end();) {
             if (it->id == id) {
-                it       = entries.erase(it);
-                removed  = true;
+                it      = entries.erase(it);
+                removed = true;
             } else {
                 ++it;
             }
@@ -279,8 +319,8 @@ public:
         bool                        removed = false;
         for (auto it = entries.begin(); it != entries.end();) {
             if (it->externalId == externalId) {
-                it       = entries.erase(it);
-                removed  = true;
+                it      = entries.erase(it);
+                removed = true;
             } else {
                 ++it;
             }
@@ -307,99 +347,70 @@ private:
     std::uint32_t             revisionCounter = 0;
 };
 
-EspRuntime::TimerService::TimerService(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus) : eventBus(bus) {
-    mutex = xSemaphoreCreateRecursiveMutex();
+EspRuntime::TimerService::TimerService(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& appBus) : _appEventBus(appBus) {
+    xSemaphoreTake(*_currentSemaphore, portMAX_DELAY);
+    assert(_current == nullptr);
+    _mutex = xSemaphoreCreateBinaryStatic(&_mutexStatic);
+    assert(_mutex);
+    xSemaphoreGive(_mutex);
+    _current = this;
+    xSemaphoreGive(*_currentSemaphore);
 }
 
 EspRuntime::TimerService::~TimerService() {
-    shutdown();
-    if (mutex)
-        vSemaphoreDelete(mutex);
+    xSemaphoreTake(*_currentSemaphore, portMAX_DELAY);
+    assert(_current == this);
+    _current = nullptr;
+    cancelAllTimers();
+    vSemaphoreDelete(_mutex);
+    xSemaphoreGive(*_currentSemaphore);
 }
 
-cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId EspRuntime::TimerService::acquireClient() {
-    if (!mutex)
-        return cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient;
-    RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId id = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient;
+cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle EspRuntime::TimerService::scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {
+    TimerRecord record{};
+    record.owner  = this;
+    record.repeat = repeat;
+
+    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle newHandle = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     do {
-        id = nextClientId++;
-    } while (id == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient);
-    if (nextClientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
-        ++nextClientId;
-    return id;
-}
+        newHandle = _nextTimerHandle++;
+    } while (newHandle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer);
+    if (_nextTimerHandle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+        ++_nextTimerHandle;
+    record.handle = newHandle;
+    xSemaphoreTake(_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    TimerRecord* storedRecord = &_timers.emplace_back(record);
+    xSemaphoreGive(_mutex);
 
-void EspRuntime::TimerService::releaseClient(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) { cancelAllTimers(clientId); }
+    const TickType_t ticks = std::max<TickType_t>(pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms), 1);
 
-cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle EspRuntime::TimerService::scheduleTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId,
-                                                                    std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {
-    if (!mutex || clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
-        return cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-
-    TimerRecord* storedRecord = nullptr;
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        TimerRecord   record{};
-        record.owner    = this;
-        record.clientId = clientId;
-        record.repeat   = repeat;
-        record.active   = true;
-        cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle newHandle = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        do {
-            newHandle = nextTimerHandle++;
-        } while (newHandle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer);
-        if (nextTimerHandle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
-            ++nextTimerHandle;
-        record.handle = newHandle;
-        timers.emplace_back(record);
-        storedRecord = &timers.back();
-    }
-
-    const std::uint32_t effectiveDelay = std::max<std::uint32_t>(1, delay_ms);
-    const TickType_t     ticks          = std::max<TickType_t>(pdMS_TO_TICKS(effectiveDelay), 1);
+    static_assert(sizeof(void*) >= sizeof(cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle));
 
     TimerHandle_t timerHandle =
-            xTimerCreate("AppSvcTimer", ticks, repeat ? pdTRUE : pdFALSE, storedRecord, &TimerService::timerCallback);
-    if (!timerHandle) {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end(); ++it) {
-            if (&(*it) == storedRecord) {
-                timers.erase(it);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        return cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+            xTimerCreate("AppSvcTimer", ticks, repeat ? pdTRUE : pdFALSE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(storedRecord->handle),
+                         &TimerService::timerCallback);
+    storedRecord->timer = timerHandle;
+
+    if (xTimerStart(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY) != pdPASS) {
+        assert(false);
     }
 
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        storedRecord->timer = timerHandle;
-    }
-
-    if (xTimerStart(timerHandle, 0) != pdPASS) {
-        cancelTimer(clientId, storedRecord->handle);
-        return cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-    }
-
-    return storedRecord->handle;
+    return newHandle;
 }
 
-void EspRuntime::TimerService::cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId,
-                                          cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) {
-    if (!mutex || clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient || handle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
-        return;
+void EspRuntime::TimerService::cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) {
+    assert(handle != sdk::kInvalidAppTimer);
 
     TimerHandle_t timerHandle = nullptr;
     {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto& record: timers) {
-            if (record.clientId == clientId && record.handle == handle) {
-                record.active = false;
-                timerHandle   = record.timer;
-                break;
+        xSemaphoreTake(_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        for (auto it = _timers.begin(); it != _timers.end(); ++it) {
+            if (it->handle == handle) {
+                timerHandle = it->timer;
+                it          = _timers.erase(it);
             }
         }
+        xSemaphoreGive(_mutex);
     }
 
     if (!timerHandle)
@@ -407,143 +418,106 @@ void EspRuntime::TimerService::cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId,
 
     xTimerStop(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
     xTimerDelete(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
-
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end();) {
-            if (it->clientId == clientId && it->handle == handle)
-                it = timers.erase(it);
-            else
-                ++it;
-        }
-    }
 }
 
-void EspRuntime::TimerService::cancelAllTimers(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) {
-    if (!mutex || clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
+void EspRuntime::TimerService::cancelAllTimers() {
+    if (!_mutex)
         return;
 
     std::vector<TimerHandle_t> handles;
+    handles.resize(_timers.size());
     {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto& record: timers) {
-            if (record.clientId == clientId) {
-                record.active = false;
-                if (record.timer)
-                    handles.push_back(record.timer);
+        xSemaphoreTake(_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        size_t i = 0;
+        for (auto& record: _timers) {
+            if (record.timer) {
+                assert(record.timer);
+                handles[i] = record.timer;
             }
+            i++;
         }
+        _timers.clear();
+        xSemaphoreGive(_mutex);
     }
 
     for (auto timerHandle: handles) {
         xTimerStop(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
         xTimerDelete(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
     }
-
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end();) {
-            if (it->clientId == clientId)
-                it = timers.erase(it);
-            else
-                ++it;
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 void EspRuntime::TimerService::timerCallback(TimerHandle_t timer) {
-    auto* record = static_cast<TimerRecord*>(pvTimerGetTimerID(timer));
-    if (!record || !record->owner)
+    auto handle = reinterpret_cast<sdk::AppTimerHandle>(pvTimerGetTimerID(timer));
+    xSemaphoreTake(*_currentSemaphore, portMAX_DELAY);
+    if (!_current)
         return;
-    record->owner->handleTimer(record);
+    _current->handleTimer(handle);
+    xSemaphoreGive(*_currentSemaphore);
 }
 
-void EspRuntime::TimerService::handleTimer(TimerRecord* record) {
-    if (!record || !record->active)
-        return;
+void EspRuntime::TimerService::handleTimer(sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) {
+    TimerHandle_t timerHandle = nullptr;
+    bool          repeat      = false;
 
-    const cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  clientId    = record->clientId;
-    const cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle      = record->handle;
-    const bool                         isRepeating = record->repeat;
-    TimerHandle_t                      timerHandle = record->timer;
-
-    if (!isRepeating) {
-        record->active = false;
-        {
-            RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-            for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end();) {
-                if (&(*it) == record)
-                    it = timers.erase(it);
-                else
-                    ++it;
+    {
+        xSemaphoreTake(_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        for (auto it = _timers.begin(); it != _timers.end(); ++it) {
+            if (it->handle == handle) {
+                timerHandle = it->timer;
+                if (!it->repeat) {
+                    _timers.erase(it);
+                } else {
+                    repeat = true;
+                }
+                break;
             }
         }
-        if (timerHandle)
-            xTimerDelete(timerHandle, 0);
+        xSemaphoreGive(_mutex);
     }
 
+    if (!timerHandle) {
+        printf("Couldn't find handle for timer %lu\n", handle);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!repeat && timerHandle)
+        xTimerDelete(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
+
     cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent timerEvent{};
-    timerEvent.clientId = clientId;
-    timerEvent.handle   = handle;
+    timerEvent.handle = handle;
 
     cardboy::sdk::AppEvent event{};
     event.timestamp_ms = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(esp_timer_get_time() / 1000ULL);
     event.data         = timerEvent;
-    eventBus.postEvent(event);
-}
-
-void EspRuntime::TimerService::shutdown() {
-    if (!mutex)
-        return;
-
-    std::vector<TimerHandle_t> handles;
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        for (auto& record: timers) {
-            record.active = false;
-            if (record.timer)
-                handles.push_back(record.timer);
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (auto timerHandle: handles) {
-        xTimerStop(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
-        xTimerDelete(timerHandle, portMAX_DELAY);
-    }
-
-    {
-        RecursiveLock lock(mutex);
-        timers.clear();
-    }
+    _appEventBus.post(event);
 }
 
 EspRuntime::EspRuntime() : framebuffer(), input(), clock() {
     initializeHardware();
 
-    buzzerService       = std::make_unique<BuzzerService>();
-    batteryService      = std::make_unique<BatteryService>();
-    storageService      = std::make_unique<StorageService>();
-    randomService       = std::make_unique<RandomService>();
-    highResClockService = std::make_unique<HighResClockService>();
-    filesystemService   = std::make_unique<FilesystemService>();
-    eventBus            = std::make_unique<EventBus>();
-    timerService        = std::make_unique<TimerService>(*eventBus);
-    loopHooksService    = std::make_unique<LoopHooksService>();
-    notificationService = std::make_unique<NotificationService>();
+    _buzzerService       = std::make_unique<BuzzerService>();
+    _batteryService      = std::make_unique<BatteryService>();
+    _storageService      = std::make_unique<StorageService>();
+    _randomService       = std::make_unique<RandomService>();
+    _highResClockService = std::make_unique<HighResClockService>();
+    _filesystemService   = std::make_unique<FilesystemService>();
+    _eventBus            = std::make_unique<EventBus>();
+    _appServiceProvider  = std::make_unique<AppServiceProvider>(*_eventBus);
+    _loopHooksService    = std::make_unique<LoopHooksService>();
+    _notificationService = std::make_unique<NotificationService>();
 
-    services.buzzer        = buzzerService.get();
-    services.battery       = batteryService.get();
-    services.storage       = storageService.get();
-    services.random        = randomService.get();
-    services.highResClock  = highResClockService.get();
-    services.filesystem    = filesystemService.get();
-    services.eventBus      = eventBus.get();
-    services.timer         = timerService.get();
-    services.loopHooks     = loopHooksService.get();
-    services.notifications = notificationService.get();
+    _services.buzzer        = _buzzerService.get();
+    _services.battery       = _batteryService.get();
+    _services.storage       = _storageService.get();
+    _services.random        = _randomService.get();
+    _services.highResClock  = _highResClockService.get();
+    _services.filesystem    = _filesystemService.get();
+    _services.eventBus      = _eventBus.get();
+    _services.appServices   = _appServiceProvider.get();
+    _services.loopHooks     = _loopHooksService.get();
+    _services.notifications = _notificationService.get();
 
-    Buttons::get().setEventBus(eventBus.get());
-    set_notification_center(notificationService.get());
+    Buttons::get().setEventBus(_eventBus.get());
+    set_notification_center(_notificationService.get());
 }
 
 EspRuntime::~EspRuntime() {
@@ -551,7 +525,7 @@ EspRuntime::~EspRuntime() {
     shutdown_time_sync_service();
 }
 
-cardboy::sdk::Services& EspRuntime::serviceRegistry() { return services; }
+cardboy::sdk::Services& EspRuntime::serviceRegistry() { return _services; }
 
 void EspRuntime::initializeHardware() {
     static bool initialized = false;
@@ -595,27 +569,7 @@ void EspFramebuffer::sendFrame_impl(bool clearAfterSend) { SMD::send_frame(clear
 
 bool EspFramebuffer::frameInFlight_impl() const { return SMD::frame_transfer_in_flight(); }
 
-cardboy::sdk::InputState EspInput::readState_impl() {
-    cardboy::sdk::InputState state{};
-    const uint8_t            pressed = Buttons::get().get_pressed();
-    if (pressed & BTN_UP)
-        state.up = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_LEFT)
-        state.left = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_RIGHT)
-        state.right = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_DOWN)
-        state.down = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_A)
-        state.a = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_B)
-        state.b = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_SELECT)
-        state.select = true;
-    if (pressed & BTN_START)
-        state.start = true;
-    return state;
-}
+cardboy::sdk::InputState EspInput::readState_impl() { return Buttons::get().get_state(); }
 
 std::uint32_t EspClock::millis_impl() {
     TickType_t ticks = xTaskGetTickCount();

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/event_bus.cpp

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp"
-
-#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
-
-#include "freertos/portmacro.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-
-namespace cardboy::backend::esp {
-
-namespace {
-[[nodiscard]] TickType_t toTicks(std::uint32_t timeout_ms) {
-    if (timeout_ms == cardboy::sdk::IEventBus::kWaitForever)
-        return portMAX_DELAY;
-    return pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms);
-}
-
-constexpr UBaseType_t kEventQueueLength = 16;
-} // namespace
-
-EventBus::EventBus() :
-    group(xEventGroupCreate()),
-    eventQueue(xQueueCreate(kEventQueueLength, sizeof(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent))) {}
-
-EventBus::~EventBus() {
-    if (group)
-        vEventGroupDelete(group);
-    if (eventQueue)
-        vQueueDelete(eventQueue);
-}
-
-void EventBus::signal(std::uint32_t bits) {
-    if (!group || bits == 0)
-        return;
-    xEventGroupSetBits(group, bits);
-}
-
-void EventBus::signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) {
-    if (!group || bits == 0)
-        return;
-    BaseType_t higherPriorityTaskWoken = pdFALSE;
-    xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR(group, bits, &higherPriorityTaskWoken);
-    if (higherPriorityTaskWoken == pdTRUE)
-        portYIELD_FROM_ISR(higherPriorityTaskWoken);
-}
-
-std::uint32_t EventBus::wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) {
-    if (!group || mask == 0)
-        return 0;
-    const EventBits_t bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(group, mask, pdTRUE, pdFALSE, toTicks(timeout_ms));
-    return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(bits & mask);
-}
-
-void EventBus::postEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) {
-    if (!eventQueue)
-        return;
-
-    if (xQueueSend(eventQueue, &event, 0) == errQUEUE_FULL) {
-        cardboy::sdk::AppEvent discarded{};
-        if (xQueueReceive(eventQueue, &discarded, 0) == pdTRUE)
-            xQueueSend(eventQueue, &event, 0);
-    }
-
-    signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
-}
-
-bool EventBus::popEvent(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) {
-    if (!eventQueue)
-        return false;
-    return xQueueReceive(eventQueue, &outEvent, 0) == pdTRUE;
-}
-
-} // namespace cardboy::backend::esp

Firmware/sdk/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ project(cardboy_sdk LANGUAGES CXX)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED YES)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS NO)
+#    add_compile_options(-Werror -O0 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-variable
+#            -Wno-error=unused-function
+#            -Wshadow -Wformat=2 -Wfloat-equal -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -Wconversion)
+#add_compile_options(-fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG)
+#add_link_options(-fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG)
 
 add_subdirectory(utils)
 

Firmware/sdk/apps/clock/src/clock_app.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace apps {
 namespace {
 
 using cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent;
+using cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent;
 
@@ -49,18 +50,20 @@ public:
         const auto snap = captureTime();
         renderIfNeeded(snap);
         lastSnapshot = snap;
-        refreshTimer = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(200);
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            refreshTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(200, true);
     }
 
     void onStop() override { cancelRefreshTimer(); }
 
-    void handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
-        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
-                [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
-                    if (timer.handle == refreshTimer)
-                        updateDisplay();
-                }));
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload([this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
+                                           [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
+                                               if (timer.handle == refreshTimer)
+                                                   updateDisplay();
+                                           },
+                                           [](const AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -75,10 +78,11 @@ private:
     TimeSnapshot lastSnapshot{};
 
     void cancelRefreshTimer() {
-        if (refreshTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(refreshTimer);
-            refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (refreshTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(refreshTimer);
+        refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     }
 
     void handleButtonEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent& button) {

Firmware/sdk/apps/gameboy/src/gameboy_app.cpp

@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ class GameboyApp;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppEvent;
+using cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle;
 using cardboy::sdk::InputState;
@@ -224,7 +225,6 @@ public:
         ::gAudioWriteThunk = &GameboyApp::audioWriteThunk;
         apu.attach(this);
         apu.reset();
-        cancelTick();
         frameDelayCarryUs = 0;
         GB_PERF_ONLY(perf.resetAll();)
         prevInput = context.input.readState();
@@ -233,13 +233,12 @@ public:
         scaleMode = ScaleMode::FullHeightWide;
         ensureFilesystemReady();
         refreshRomList();
-        mode         = Mode::Browse;
-        browserDirty = true;
-        scheduleNextTick(0);
+        mode          = Mode::Browse;
+        browserDirty  = true;
+        nextTimeoutMs = 0;
     }
 
     void onStop() override {
-        cancelTick();
         frameDelayCarryUs = 0;
         GB_PERF_ONLY(perf.maybePrintAggregate(true);)
         unloadRom();
@@ -252,14 +251,9 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override {
-        bool handled = false;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override {
         event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this, &handled](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
-                    if (timer.handle != tickTimer)
-                        return;
-                    handled                    = true;
-                    tickTimer                  = kInvalidAppTimer;
+                [this](const AppTimeoutEvent&) {
                     const uint64_t frameStartUs = nowMicros();
                     performStep();
                     const uint64_t frameEndUs = nowMicros();
@@ -269,10 +263,10 @@ public:
                 },
                 [this](const AppButtonEvent&) {
                     frameDelayCarryUs = 0;
-                    scheduleNextTick(0);
-                }));
-        if (handled)
-            return;
+                    nextTimeoutMs     = 0;
+                },
+                [](const AppTimerEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
+        return nextTimeoutMs;
     }
 
     void performStep() {
@@ -1119,9 +1113,9 @@ public:
     cardboy::sdk::IFilesystem*   filesystem   = nullptr;
     cardboy::sdk::IHighResClock* highResClock = nullptr;
     PerfTracker                  perf{};
-    AppTimerHandle               tickTimer         = kInvalidAppTimer;
     int64_t                      frameDelayCarryUs = 0;
-    static constexpr uint32_t    kTargetFrameUs    = 1000000 / 60; // ~16.6 ms
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> nextTimeoutMs;
+    static constexpr uint32_t    kTargetFrameUs = 1000000 / 60; // ~16.6 ms
 
     Mode                  mode      = Mode::Browse;
     ScaleMode             scaleMode = ScaleMode::FullHeightWide;
@@ -1155,18 +1149,6 @@ public:
     uint8_t  lastLoud     = 0;
     uint32_t stableFrames = 0;
 
-    void cancelTick() {
-        if (tickTimer != kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(tickTimer);
-            tickTimer = kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void scheduleNextTick(uint32_t delayMs) {
-        cancelTick();
-        tickTimer = context.scheduleTimer(delayMs, false);
-    }
-
     uint32_t idleDelayMs() const { return browserDirty ? 50 : 140; }
 
     void scheduleAfterFrame(uint64_t elapsedUs) {
@@ -1175,17 +1157,17 @@ public:
             desiredUs += frameDelayCarryUs;
             if (desiredUs <= 0) {
                 frameDelayCarryUs = desiredUs;
-                scheduleNextTick(0);
+                nextTimeoutMs     = 0;
                 return;
             }
             frameDelayCarryUs = desiredUs % 1000;
             desiredUs -= frameDelayCarryUs;
             uint32_t delayMs = static_cast<uint32_t>(desiredUs / 1000);
-            scheduleNextTick(delayMs);
+            nextTimeoutMs    = delayMs;
             return;
         }
         frameDelayCarryUs = 0;
-        scheduleNextTick(idleDelayMs());
+        nextTimeoutMs     = idleDelayMs();
     }
 
     bool ensureFilesystemReady() {
@@ -1836,7 +1818,7 @@ public:
         promptDirty      = true;
         mode             = Mode::Prompt;
         gb.direct.joypad = 0xFF;
-        scheduleNextTick(0);
+        // scheduleNextTick(0);
     }
 
     void exitPrompt(Mode nextMode) {

Firmware/sdk/apps/lockscreen/src/lockscreen_app.cpp

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 #include "cardboy/sdk/app_framework.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp"
 
-#include <array>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <string>
@@ -19,27 +19,24 @@ namespace {
 
 using cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
+using cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent;
 
 constexpr std::uint32_t kRefreshIntervalMs = 100;
+constexpr std::uint32_t kSlowRefreshMs     = 1000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t kFastRefreshMs     = 20;
 constexpr std::uint32_t kUnlockHoldMs      = 1500;
 
 using Framebuffer = typename AppContext::Framebuffer;
 using Clock       = typename AppContext::Clock;
 
-constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, font16x8::kGlyphHeight> kArrowUpGlyph{0b00011000, 0b00111100, 0b01111110,
-                                                                         0b11111111, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                         0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                         0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                         0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00000000,
-                                                                         0b00000000};
+constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, font16x8::kGlyphHeight> kArrowUpGlyph{
+        0b00011000, 0b00111100, 0b01111110, 0b11111111, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
+        0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00000000, 0b00000000};
 
-constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, font16x8::kGlyphHeight> kArrowDownGlyph{0b00000000, 0b00000000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                           0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                           0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
-                                                                           0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b11111111,
-                                                                           0b01111110, 0b00111100, 0b00011000,
-                                                                           0b00000000};
+constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, font16x8::kGlyphHeight> kArrowDownGlyph{
+        0b00000000, 0b00000000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000,
+        0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b00011000, 0b11111111, 0b01111110, 0b00111100, 0b00011000, 0b00000000};
 
 struct TimeSnapshot {
     bool          hasWallTime   = false;
@@ -60,54 +57,67 @@ public:
 
     void onStart() override {
         cancelRefreshTimer();
-        lastSnapshot   = {};
-        holdActive     = false;
-        holdProgressMs = 0;
-        dirty          = true;
+        lastSnapshot                  = {};
+        holdActive                    = false;
+        holdProgressMs                = 0;
+        dirty                         = true;
         lastNotificationInteractionMs = clock.millis();
+        lastRefreshMs                 = clock.millis();
         refreshNotifications();
         const auto snap = captureTime();
         renderIfNeeded(snap);
         lastSnapshot = snap;
-        refreshTimer = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(kRefreshIntervalMs);
+        rescheduleRefreshTimer(kSlowRefreshMs);
     }
 
     void onStop() override { cancelRefreshTimer(); }
 
-    void handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
-        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
-                [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
-                    if (timer.handle == refreshTimer) {
-                        advanceHoldProgress();
-                        updateDisplay();
-                    }
-                }));
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload([this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
+                                           [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
+                                               if (timer.handle == refreshTimer) {
+                                                   const std::uint32_t now     = clock.millis();
+                                                   const std::uint32_t elapsed = now - lastRefreshMs;
+                                                   lastRefreshMs               = now;
+                                                   advanceHoldProgress(elapsed);
+                                                   updateDisplay();
+                                               }
+                                           },
+                                           [](const AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:
-    static constexpr std::size_t kMaxDisplayedNotifications = 5;
-    static constexpr std::uint32_t kNotificationHideMs       = 8000;
-    AppContext&                               context;
-    Framebuffer&                              framebuffer;
-    Clock&                                    clock;
-    cardboy::sdk::INotificationCenter*        notificationCenter = nullptr;
-    std::uint32_t                             lastNotificationRevision = 0;
+    static constexpr std::size_t                                 kMaxDisplayedNotifications = 5;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t                               kNotificationHideMs        = 8000;
+    AppContext&                                                  context;
+    Framebuffer&                                                 framebuffer;
+    Clock&                                                       clock;
+    cardboy::sdk::INotificationCenter*                           notificationCenter       = nullptr;
+    std::uint32_t                                                lastNotificationRevision = 0;
     std::vector<cardboy::sdk::INotificationCenter::Notification> notifications;
-    std::size_t                              selectedNotification = 0;
+    std::size_t                                                  selectedNotification = 0;
 
     bool                         dirty        = false;
     cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     TimeSnapshot                 lastSnapshot{};
-    bool                         holdActive     = false;
-    std::uint32_t                holdProgressMs = 0;
+    bool                         holdActive                    = false;
+    std::uint32_t                holdProgressMs                = 0;
     std::uint32_t                lastNotificationInteractionMs = 0;
+    std::uint32_t                lastRefreshMs                 = 0;
 
     void cancelRefreshTimer() {
-        if (refreshTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(refreshTimer);
-            refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (refreshTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(refreshTimer);
+        refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+    }
+
+    void rescheduleRefreshTimer(std::uint32_t intervalMs) {
+        cancelRefreshTimer();
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            refreshTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(intervalMs, true);
     }
 
     static bool comboPressed(const cardboy::sdk::InputState& state) { return state.a && state.select; }
@@ -118,7 +128,7 @@ private:
         bool       navPressed  = false;
 
         if (!notifications.empty() && (upPressed || downPressed)) {
-            const std::size_t count = notifications.size();
+            const std::size_t count       = notifications.size();
             lastNotificationInteractionMs = clock.millis();
             navPressed                    = true;
             if (count > 1) {
@@ -131,8 +141,8 @@ private:
 
         const bool deletePressed = button.current.b && !button.previous.b;
         if (deletePressed && notificationCenter && !notifications.empty()) {
-            const std::size_t index = std::min<std::size_t>(selectedNotification, notifications.size() - 1);
-            const auto&       note  = notifications[index];
+            const std::size_t index          = std::min<std::size_t>(selectedNotification, notifications.size() - 1);
+            const auto&       note           = notifications[index];
             std::size_t       preferredIndex = index;
             if (index + 1 < notifications.size())
                 preferredIndex = index + 1;
@@ -142,9 +152,9 @@ private:
                 notificationCenter->removeByExternalId(note.externalId);
             else
                 notificationCenter->removeById(note.id);
-            selectedNotification = preferredIndex;
+            selectedNotification          = preferredIndex;
             lastNotificationInteractionMs = clock.millis();
-            dirty                        = true;
+            dirty                         = true;
             refreshNotifications();
         }
 
@@ -159,9 +169,9 @@ private:
         if (!notificationCenter) {
             if (!notifications.empty() || lastNotificationRevision != 0) {
                 notifications.clear();
-                selectedNotification         = 0;
-                lastNotificationRevision     = 0;
-                dirty                        = true;
+                selectedNotification     = 0;
+                lastNotificationRevision = 0;
+                dirty                    = true;
             }
             return;
         }
@@ -173,7 +183,7 @@ private:
         const std::uint64_t previousId =
                 (selectedNotification < notifications.size()) ? notifications[selectedNotification].id : 0;
 
-        auto latest = notificationCenter->recent(kMaxDisplayedNotifications);
+        auto latest   = notificationCenter->recent(kMaxDisplayedNotifications);
         notifications = std::move(latest);
 
         if (notifications.empty()) {
@@ -191,14 +201,17 @@ private:
         }
 
         lastNotificationInteractionMs = clock.millis();
-        dirty = true;
+        dirty                         = true;
     }
 
     void updateHoldState(bool comboNow) {
+        const bool wasActive = holdActive;
         if (comboNow) {
             if (!holdActive) {
-                holdActive = true;
-                dirty      = true;
+                holdActive     = true;
+                holdProgressMs = 0;
+                lastRefreshMs  = clock.millis();
+                dirty          = true;
             }
         } else {
             if (holdActive || holdProgressMs != 0) {
@@ -207,12 +220,14 @@ private:
                 dirty          = true;
             }
         }
+        if (wasActive != holdActive) {
+            rescheduleRefreshTimer(holdActive ? kFastRefreshMs : kSlowRefreshMs);
+        }
     }
 
-    void advanceHoldProgress() {
+    void advanceHoldProgress(std::uint32_t elapsedMs) {
         if (holdActive) {
-            const std::uint32_t next =
-                    std::min<std::uint32_t>(holdProgressMs + kRefreshIntervalMs, kUnlockHoldMs);
+            const std::uint32_t next = std::min<std::uint32_t>(holdProgressMs + elapsedMs, kUnlockHoldMs);
             if (next != holdProgressMs) {
                 holdProgressMs = next;
                 dirty          = true;
@@ -237,8 +252,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     static bool sameSnapshot(const TimeSnapshot& a, const TimeSnapshot& b) {
-        return a.hasWallTime == b.hasWallTime && a.hour24 == b.hour24 && a.minute == b.minute &&
-               a.second == b.second && a.day == b.day && a.month == b.month && a.year == b.year;
+        return a.hasWallTime == b.hasWallTime && a.hour24 == b.hour24 && a.minute == b.minute && a.second == b.second &&
+               a.day == b.day && a.month == b.month && a.year == b.year;
     }
 
     TimeSnapshot captureTime() const {
@@ -325,7 +340,7 @@ private:
         if (font16x8::measureText(text, scale, letterSpacing) <= maxWidth)
             return std::string(text);
 
-        std::string result(text.begin(), text.end());
+        std::string       result(text.begin(), text.end());
         const std::string ellipsis = "...";
         while (!result.empty()) {
             result.pop_back();
@@ -367,8 +382,7 @@ private:
 
             if (!word.empty()) {
                 std::string candidate = current.empty() ? word : current + " " + word;
-                if (!current.empty() &&
-                    font16x8::measureText(candidate, scale, letterSpacing) > maxWidth) {
+                if (!current.empty() && font16x8::measureText(candidate, scale, letterSpacing) > maxWidth) {
                     flushCurrent();
                     if (lines.size() >= static_cast<std::size_t>(maxLines)) {
                         truncated = true;
@@ -430,20 +444,20 @@ private:
 
         framebuffer.frameReady();
 
-        const int scaleTime    = 4;
-        const int scaleSeconds = 2;
-        const int scaleSmall   = 1;
+        const int scaleTime      = 4;
+        const int scaleSeconds   = 2;
+        const int scaleSmall     = 1;
         const int textLineHeight = font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleSmall;
 
-        const int cardMarginTop  = 4;
-        const int cardMarginSide = 8;
-        const int cardPadding    = 6;
+        const int cardMarginTop   = 4;
+        const int cardMarginSide  = 8;
+        const int cardPadding     = 6;
         const int cardLineSpacing = 4;
-        int       cardHeight     = 0;
-        const int cardWidth      = framebuffer.width() - cardMarginSide * 2;
+        int       cardHeight      = 0;
+        const int cardWidth       = framebuffer.width() - cardMarginSide * 2;
 
-        const std::uint32_t nowMs                    = clock.millis();
-        const bool          hasNotifications         = !notifications.empty();
+        const std::uint32_t nowMs            = clock.millis();
+        const bool          hasNotifications = !notifications.empty();
         const bool          showNotificationDetails =
                 hasNotifications && (nowMs - lastNotificationInteractionMs <= kNotificationHideMs);
 
@@ -479,7 +493,8 @@ private:
                     std::snprintf(counter, sizeof(counter), "%zu/%zu", selectedNotification + 1, notifications.size());
                     const int counterWidth = font16x8::measureText(counter, scaleSmall, 1);
                     const int counterX     = cardMarginSide + cardWidth - cardPadding - counterWidth;
-                    font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, counterX, cardMarginTop + cardPadding, counter, scaleSmall, true, 1);
+                    font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, counterX, cardMarginTop + cardPadding, counter, scaleSmall, true,
+                                       1);
                     const int arrowWidth      = font16x8::kGlyphWidth * scaleSmall;
                     const int arrowSpacing    = std::max(1, scaleSmall);
                     const int arrowsTotalWide = arrowWidth * 2 + arrowSpacing;
@@ -493,7 +508,7 @@ private:
 
                 if (!bodyLines.empty()) {
                     int bodyY = cardMarginTop + cardPadding + textLineHeight + cardLineSpacing;
-                    for (const auto& line : bodyLines) {
+                    for (const auto& line: bodyLines) {
                         font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, cardMarginSide + cardPadding, bodyY, line, scaleSmall, true, 1);
                         bodyY += textLineHeight + cardLineSpacing;
                     }
@@ -529,9 +544,8 @@ private:
         if (cardHeight > 0)
             timeY = cardMarginTop + cardHeight + 16;
         const int minTimeY = (cardHeight > 0) ? (cardMarginTop + cardHeight + 12) : 16;
-        const int maxTimeY =
-                std::max(minTimeY, framebuffer.height() - font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleTime - 48);
-        timeY = std::clamp(timeY, minTimeY, maxTimeY);
+        const int maxTimeY = std::max(minTimeY, framebuffer.height() - font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleTime - 48);
+        timeY              = std::clamp(timeY, minTimeY, maxTimeY);
 
         char hoursMinutes[6];
         std::snprintf(hoursMinutes, sizeof(hoursMinutes), "%02d:%02d", snap.hour24, snap.minute);
@@ -539,7 +553,7 @@ private:
         const int timeX = (framebuffer.width() - mainW) / 2;
         const int secX  = timeX + mainW + 12;
         const int secY  = timeY + font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleTime - font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleSeconds;
-        char       secs[3];
+        char      secs[3];
         std::snprintf(secs, sizeof(secs), "%02d", snap.second);
 
         font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, timeX, timeY, hoursMinutes, scaleTime, true, 0);
@@ -548,7 +562,7 @@ private:
         const std::string dateLine = formatDate(snap);
         drawCenteredText(framebuffer, timeY + font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleTime + 16, dateLine, scaleSmall, 1);
 
-        const std::string instruction = holdActive ? "KEEP HOLDING A+SELECT" : "HOLD A+SELECT";
+        const std::string instruction      = holdActive ? "KEEP HOLDING A+SELECT" : "HOLD A+SELECT";
         const int         instructionWidth = font16x8::measureText(instruction, scaleSmall, 1);
         const int         barHeight        = 14;
         const int         barY             = framebuffer.height() - 24;
@@ -566,11 +580,10 @@ private:
         drawRectOutline(framebuffer, barX, barY, barWidth, barHeight);
 
         if (holdActive || holdProgressMs > 0) {
-            const int innerWidth  = barWidth - 2;
-            const int innerHeight = barHeight - 2;
-            const float ratio =
-                    std::clamp(holdProgressMs / static_cast<float>(kUnlockHoldMs), 0.0f, 1.0f);
-            const int fillWidth = static_cast<int>(ratio * innerWidth + 0.5f);
+            const int   innerWidth  = barWidth - 2;
+            const int   innerHeight = barHeight - 2;
+            const float ratio       = std::clamp(holdProgressMs / static_cast<float>(kUnlockHoldMs), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+            const int   fillWidth   = static_cast<int>(ratio * innerWidth + 0.5f);
             if (fillWidth > 0)
                 fillRect(framebuffer, barX + 1, barY + 1, fillWidth, innerHeight);
         }

Firmware/sdk/apps/menu/src/menu_app.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace apps {
 namespace {
 
 using cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent;
+using cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent;
@@ -44,15 +45,16 @@ public:
 
     void onStop() override { cancelInactivityTimer(); }
 
-    void handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
-        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
-                [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
-                    if (timer.handle == inactivityTimer) {
-                        cancelInactivityTimer();
-                        context.requestAppSwitchByName(kLockscreenAppName);
-                    }
-                }));
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload([this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtonEvent(button); },
+                                           [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) {
+                                               if (timer.handle == inactivityTimer) {
+                                                   cancelInactivityTimer();
+                                                   context.requestAppSwitchByName(kLockscreenAppName);
+                                               }
+                                           },
+                                           [](const AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -189,15 +191,17 @@ private:
     }
 
     void cancelInactivityTimer() {
-        if (inactivityTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(inactivityTimer);
-            inactivityTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (inactivityTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(inactivityTimer);
+        inactivityTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     }
 
     void resetInactivityTimer() {
         cancelInactivityTimer();
-        inactivityTimer = context.scheduleTimer(kIdleTimeoutMs);
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            inactivityTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(kIdleTimeoutMs, false);
     }
 };
 

Firmware/sdk/apps/settings/src/settings_app.cpp

@@ -38,42 +38,44 @@ public:
         renderIfNeeded();
     }
 
-    void handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
-        const auto* buttonEvent = event.button();
-        if (!buttonEvent)
-            return;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
+                [this](const cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent& button) {
+                    const auto& current  = button.current;
+                    const auto& previous = button.previous;
 
-        const auto& current  = buttonEvent->current;
-        const auto& previous = buttonEvent->previous;
+                    const bool previousAvailable = buzzerAvailable;
+                    syncBuzzerState();
+                    if (previousAvailable != buzzerAvailable)
+                        dirty = true;
 
-        const bool previousAvailable = buzzerAvailable;
-        syncBuzzerState();
-        if (previousAvailable != buzzerAvailable)
-            dirty = true;
+                    if (current.b && !previous.b) {
+                        context.requestAppSwitchByName(kMenuAppName);
+                        return;
+                    }
 
-        if (current.b && !previous.b) {
-            context.requestAppSwitchByName(kMenuAppName);
-            return;
-        }
+                    bool moved = false;
+                    if (current.down && !previous.down) {
+                        moveSelection(+1);
+                        moved = true;
+                    } else if (current.up && !previous.up) {
+                        moveSelection(-1);
+                        moved = true;
+                    }
 
-        bool moved = false;
-        if (current.down && !previous.down) {
-            moveSelection(+1);
-            moved = true;
-        } else if (current.up && !previous.up) {
-            moveSelection(-1);
-            moved = true;
-        }
+                    const bool togglePressed = (current.a && !previous.a) || (current.start && !previous.start) ||
+                                               (current.select && !previous.select);
+                    if (togglePressed)
+                        handleToggle();
 
-        const bool togglePressed = (current.a && !previous.a) || (current.start && !previous.start) ||
-                                   (current.select && !previous.select);
-        if (togglePressed)
-            handleToggle();
+                    if (moved)
+                        dirty = true;
 
-        if (moved)
-            dirty = true;
-
-        renderIfNeeded();
+                    renderIfNeeded();
+                },
+                [](const cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent&) { /* ignore */ },
+                [](const cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:

Firmware/sdk/apps/snake/src/snake_app.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ namespace apps {
 namespace {
 
 using cardboy::sdk::AppButtonEvent;
+using cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppEvent;
 using cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent;
@@ -28,13 +29,13 @@ using cardboy::sdk::InputState;
 
 constexpr char kSnakeAppName[] = "Snake";
 
-constexpr int kBoardWidth           = 32;
-constexpr int kBoardHeight          = 20;
-constexpr int kCellSize             = 10;
-constexpr int kInitialSnakeLength   = 5;
-constexpr int kScorePerFood         = 10;
-constexpr int kMinMoveIntervalMs    = 80;
-constexpr int kBaseMoveIntervalMs   = 220;
+constexpr int kBoardWidth                = 32;
+constexpr int kBoardHeight               = 20;
+constexpr int kCellSize                  = 10;
+constexpr int kInitialSnakeLength        = 5;
+constexpr int kScorePerFood              = 10;
+constexpr int kMinMoveIntervalMs         = 80;
+constexpr int kBaseMoveIntervalMs        = 220;
 constexpr int kIntervalSpeedupPerSegment = 4;
 
 struct Point {
@@ -69,11 +70,12 @@ public:
 
     void onStop() { cancelMoveTimer(); }
 
-    void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
-        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtons(button); },
-                [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) { handleTimer(timer.handle); }));
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload([this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtons(button); },
+                                           [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) { handleTimer(timer.handle); },
+                                           [](const AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
         renderIfNeeded();
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ private:
     bool              dirty           = false;
     int               score           = 0;
     int               highScore       = 0;
-    AppTimerHandle moveTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-    std::mt19937   rng;
+    AppTimerHandle    moveTimer       = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+    std::mt19937      rng;
 
     void handleButtons(const AppButtonEvent& evt) {
         const auto& cur  = evt.current;
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     void advance() {
-        direction = queuedDirection;
+        direction      = queuedDirection;
         Point nextHead = snake.front();
         switch (direction) {
             case Direction::Up:
@@ -248,14 +250,16 @@ private:
     void scheduleMoveTimer() {
         cancelMoveTimer();
         const std::uint32_t interval = currentInterval();
-        moveTimer  = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(interval);
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            moveTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(interval, true);
     }
 
     void cancelMoveTimer() {
-        if (moveTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(moveTimer);
-            moveTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (moveTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(moveTimer);
+        moveTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t currentInterval() const {
@@ -297,9 +301,7 @@ private:
         framebuffer.sendFrame();
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] int boardOriginX() const {
-        return (cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth - kBoardWidth * kCellSize) / 2;
-    }
+    [[nodiscard]] int boardOriginX() const { return (cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth - kBoardWidth * kCellSize) / 2; }
 
     [[nodiscard]] int boardOriginY() const {
         const int centered = (cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight - kBoardHeight * kCellSize) / 2;
@@ -404,9 +406,9 @@ class SnakeApp final : public cardboy::sdk::IApp {
 public:
     explicit SnakeApp(AppContext& ctx) : game(ctx) {}
 
-    void onStart() override { game.onStart(); }
-    void onStop() override { game.onStop(); }
-    void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override { game.handleEvent(event); }
+    void                         onStart() override { game.onStart(); }
+    void                         onStop() override { game.onStop(); }
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override { return game.handleEvent(event); }
 
 private:
     SnakeGame game;

Firmware/sdk/apps/tetris/src/tetris_app.cpp

@@ -148,11 +148,12 @@ public:
 
     void onStop() { cancelTimers(); }
 
-    void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
-        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload(
-                [this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtons(button); },
-                [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) { handleTimer(timer.handle); }));
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
+        event.visit(cardboy::sdk::overload([this](const AppButtonEvent& button) { handleButtons(button); },
+                                           [this](const AppTimerEvent& timer) { handleTimer(timer.handle); },
+                                           [](const cardboy::sdk::AppTimeoutEvent&) { /* ignore */ }));
         renderIfNeeded();
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -235,35 +236,40 @@ private:
 
     void cancelTimers() {
         if (dropTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(dropTimer);
+            if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+                timer->cancelTimer(dropTimer);
             dropTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
         }
         cancelSoftDropTimer();
     }
 
     void cancelSoftDropTimer() {
-        if (softTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(softTimer);
-            softTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (softTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(softTimer);
+        softTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     }
 
     void scheduleDropTimer() {
         cancelDropTimer();
         const std::uint32_t interval = dropIntervalMs();
-        dropTimer                    = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(interval);
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            dropTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(interval, true);
     }
 
     void cancelDropTimer() {
-        if (dropTimer != cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer) {
-            context.cancelTimer(dropTimer);
-            dropTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-        }
+        if (dropTimer == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+            return;
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            timer->cancelTimer(dropTimer);
+        dropTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
     }
 
     void scheduleSoftDropTimer() {
         cancelSoftDropTimer();
-        softTimer = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(60);
+        if (auto* timer = context.timer())
+            softTimer = timer->scheduleTimer(60, true);
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t dropIntervalMs() const {
@@ -629,9 +635,9 @@ class TetrisApp final : public cardboy::sdk::IApp {
 public:
     explicit TetrisApp(AppContext& ctx) : game(ctx) {}
 
-    void onStart() override { game.onStart(); }
-    void onStop() override { game.onStop(); }
-    void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override { game.handleEvent(event); }
+    void                         onStart() override { game.onStart(); }
+    void                         onStop() override { game.onStop(); }
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) override { return game.handleEvent(event); }
 
 private:
     TetrisGame game;

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ target_sources(cardboy_backend_interface
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/backend/backend_interface.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/backend.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/display_spec.hpp
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/loop_hooks.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/input_state.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/app_events.hpp

@@ -12,27 +12,26 @@ namespace cardboy::sdk {
 using AppTimerHandle                      = std::uint32_t;
 constexpr AppTimerHandle kInvalidAppTimer = 0;
 
-using TimerClientId                         = std::uint32_t;
-constexpr TimerClientId kInvalidTimerClient = 0;
-
 struct AppButtonEvent {
     InputState current{};
     InputState previous{};
 };
 
 struct AppTimerEvent {
-    TimerClientId  clientId = kInvalidTimerClient;
-    AppTimerHandle handle   = kInvalidAppTimer;
+    AppTimerHandle handle = kInvalidAppTimer;
 };
 
+struct AppTimeoutEvent {};
+
 struct AppEvent {
-    using Data = std::variant<AppButtonEvent, AppTimerEvent>;
+    using Data = std::variant<AppButtonEvent, AppTimerEvent, AppTimeoutEvent>;
 
     std::uint32_t timestamp_ms = 0;
     Data          data{AppButtonEvent{}};
 
     [[nodiscard]] bool isButton() const { return std::holds_alternative<AppButtonEvent>(data); }
     [[nodiscard]] bool isTimer() const { return std::holds_alternative<AppTimerEvent>(data); }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool isTimeout() const { return std::holds_alternative<AppTimeoutEvent>(data); }
 
     [[nodiscard]] const AppButtonEvent* button() const { return std::get_if<AppButtonEvent>(&data); }
     [[nodiscard]] AppButtonEvent*       button() { return std::get_if<AppButtonEvent>(&data); }
@@ -40,6 +39,9 @@ struct AppEvent {
     [[nodiscard]] const AppTimerEvent* timer() const { return std::get_if<AppTimerEvent>(&data); }
     [[nodiscard]] AppTimerEvent*       timer() { return std::get_if<AppTimerEvent>(&data); }
 
+    [[nodiscard]] const AppTimeoutEvent* timeout() const { return std::get_if<AppTimeoutEvent>(&data); }
+    [[nodiscard]] AppTimeoutEvent*       timeout() { return std::get_if<AppTimeoutEvent>(&data); }
+
     template<typename Visitor>
     decltype(auto) visit(Visitor&& visitor) {
         return std::visit(std::forward<Visitor>(visitor), data);
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@ struct AppEvent {
     }
 };
 
+static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<AppEvent>);
+
 template<typename... Ts>
 struct Overload : Ts... {
     using Ts::operator()...;

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "cardboy/sdk/app_events.hpp"
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace cardboy::sdk {
-
-enum class EventBusSignal : std::uint32_t {
-    None     = 0,
-    Input    = 1u << 0,
-    Timer    = 1u << 1,
-    External = 1u << 2,
-};
-
-inline EventBusSignal operator|(EventBusSignal lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
-    return static_cast<EventBusSignal>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(lhs) | static_cast<std::uint32_t>(rhs));
-}
-
-inline EventBusSignal& operator|=(EventBusSignal& lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
-    lhs = lhs | rhs;
-    return lhs;
-}
-
-inline EventBusSignal operator&(EventBusSignal lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
-    return static_cast<EventBusSignal>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(lhs) & static_cast<std::uint32_t>(rhs));
-}
-
-inline std::uint32_t to_event_bits(EventBusSignal signal) { return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(signal); }
-
-class IEventBus {
-public:
-    static constexpr std::uint32_t kWaitForever = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
-
-    virtual ~IEventBus() = default;
-
-    virtual void          signal(std::uint32_t bits)                         = 0;
-    virtual void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits)                  = 0;
-    virtual std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) = 0;
-    virtual void          postEvent(const AppEvent& event)                   = 0;
-    virtual bool          popEvent(AppEvent& outEvent)                       = 0;
-};
-
-} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public:
     static void invokePreSend(void* framebuffer);
 
 private:
-    static PreSendHook hook_;
-    static void*       userData_;
+    static PreSendHook _hook;
+    static void*       _userData;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/services.hpp

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/loop_hooks.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/timer_service.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
@@ -74,36 +75,56 @@ public:
 class INotificationCenter {
 public:
     struct Notification {
-        std::uint64_t id        = 0;
-        std::uint64_t timestamp = 0;
+        std::uint64_t id         = 0;
+        std::uint64_t timestamp  = 0;
         std::uint64_t externalId = 0;
         std::string   title;
         std::string   body;
-        bool          unread    = true;
+        bool          unread = true;
     };
 
     virtual ~INotificationCenter() = default;
 
-    virtual void pushNotification(Notification notification)                          = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::uint32_t               revision() const                 = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::vector<Notification>   recent(std::size_t limit) const = 0;
-    virtual void                                       markAllRead()                   = 0;
-    virtual void                                       clear()                         = 0;
-    virtual void                                       removeById(std::uint64_t id)    = 0;
-    virtual void                                       removeByExternalId(std::uint64_t externalId) = 0;
+    virtual void                                    pushNotification(Notification notification)  = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::uint32_t             revision() const                             = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::vector<Notification> recent(std::size_t limit) const              = 0;
+    virtual void                                    markAllRead()                                = 0;
+    virtual void                                    clear()                                      = 0;
+    virtual void                                    removeById(std::uint64_t id)                 = 0;
+    virtual void                                    removeByExternalId(std::uint64_t externalId) = 0;
+};
+
+class IEventBus {
+public:
+    virtual ~IEventBus() = default;
+
+    virtual void                    post(const AppEvent& event)                                 = 0;
+    virtual std::optional<AppEvent> pop(std::optional<std::uint32_t> timeout_ms = std::nullopt) = 0;
+};
+
+struct AppScopedServices {
+    ITimerService* timer         = nullptr;
+    virtual ~AppScopedServices() = default;
+};
+
+class IAppServiceProvider {
+public:
+    virtual ~IAppServiceProvider() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::unique_ptr<AppScopedServices> createScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation) = 0;
 };
 
 struct Services {
-    IBuzzer*         buzzer       = nullptr;
-    IBatteryMonitor* battery      = nullptr;
-    IStorage*        storage      = nullptr;
-    IRandom*         random       = nullptr;
-    IHighResClock*   highResClock = nullptr;
-    IFilesystem*     filesystem   = nullptr;
-    IEventBus*       eventBus     = nullptr;
-    ITimerService*   timer        = nullptr;
-    ILoopHooks*      loopHooks    = nullptr;
+    IBuzzer*             buzzer        = nullptr;
+    IBatteryMonitor*     battery       = nullptr;
+    IStorage*            storage       = nullptr;
+    IRandom*             random        = nullptr;
+    IHighResClock*       highResClock  = nullptr;
+    IFilesystem*         filesystem    = nullptr;
+    IEventBus*           eventBus      = nullptr;
+    ILoopHooks*          loopHooks     = nullptr;
     INotificationCenter* notifications = nullptr;
+    IAppServiceProvider* appServices   = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/timer_service.hpp

@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@ class ITimerService {
 public:
     virtual ~ITimerService() = default;
 
-    virtual TimerClientId  acquireClient()                                 = 0;
-    virtual void           releaseClient(TimerClientId clientId)           = 0;
-    virtual AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(TimerClientId clientId, std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) = 0;
-    virtual void           cancelTimer(TimerClientId clientId, AppTimerHandle handle)                 = 0;
-    virtual void           cancelAllTimers(TimerClientId clientId)                              = 0;
+    virtual AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) = 0;
+    virtual void           cancelTimer(AppTimerHandle handle)                 = 0;
+    virtual void           cancelAllTimers()                                  = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk
-

Firmware/sdk/backends/desktop/include/cardboy/backend/desktop_backend.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
 
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <limits>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <random>
 #include <string>
@@ -113,33 +113,39 @@ public:
     void          signal(std::uint32_t bits) override;
     void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) override;
     std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) override;
-    void          postEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override;
-    bool          popEvent(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) override;
 
 private:
     DesktopRuntime&         runtime;
     std::mutex              mutex;
     std::condition_variable cv;
     std::uint32_t           pendingBits = 0;
-    std::mutex                       eventMutex;
-    std::deque<cardboy::sdk::AppEvent> eventQueue;
+};
+
+class DesktopScopedEventBus final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppEventBus {
+public:
+    explicit DesktopScopedEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus);
+
+    void post(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override;
+    bool pop(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) override;
+    void clear() override;
+
+private:
+    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus&        globalBus;
+    std::mutex                      mutex;
+    std::deque<cardboy::sdk::AppEvent> queue;
 };
 
 class DesktopTimerService final : public cardboy::sdk::ITimerService {
 public:
-    DesktopTimerService(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus);
+    DesktopTimerService(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IAppEventBus& appBus);
     ~DesktopTimerService() override;
 
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  acquireClient() override;
-    void                         releaseClient(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) override;
-    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId, std::uint32_t delay_ms,
-                                               bool repeat) override;
-    void cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId, cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) override;
-    void cancelAllTimers(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) override;
+    cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) override;
+    void                         cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) override;
+    void                         cancelAllTimers() override;
 
 private:
     struct TimerRecord {
-        cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  clientId = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient;
         cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle   = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
         std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point due;
         std::chrono::milliseconds            interval{0};
@@ -151,15 +157,30 @@ private:
     void wakeWorker();
     void cleanupInactive();
 
-    DesktopRuntime&          runtime;
-    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& eventBus;
+    DesktopRuntime&             runtime;
+    cardboy::sdk::IAppEventBus& appEventBus;
     std::mutex               mutex;
     std::condition_variable  cv;
     std::vector<TimerRecord> timers;
     bool                     stopWorker = false;
     std::thread              worker;
     cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle nextHandle = 1;
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId  nextClient = 1;
+};
+
+class DesktopAppServiceProvider final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppServiceProvider {
+public:
+    DesktopAppServiceProvider(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::AppScopedServices> createScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation) override;
+
+private:
+    struct ScopedServices final : cardboy::sdk::AppScopedServices {
+        std::unique_ptr<DesktopScopedEventBus> ownedEventBus;
+        std::unique_ptr<DesktopTimerService> ownedTimer;
+    };
+
+    DesktopRuntime&          runtime;
+    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& eventBus;
 };
 
 class DesktopFramebuffer final : public cardboy::sdk::FramebufferFacade<DesktopFramebuffer> {
@@ -240,7 +261,7 @@ private:
     DesktopHighResClock    highResService;
     DesktopFilesystem      filesystemService;
     DesktopEventBus        eventBusService;
-    DesktopTimerService    timerService;
+    DesktopAppServiceProvider appServiceProvider;
     DesktopNotificationCenter notificationService;
     cardboy::sdk::Services services{};
 };

Firmware/sdk/backends/desktop/src/desktop_backend.cpp

@@ -63,26 +63,34 @@ std::uint32_t DesktopEventBus::wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms
     }
 }
 
-void DesktopEventBus::postEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) {
+DesktopScopedEventBus::DesktopScopedEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus) : globalBus(bus) {}
+
+void DesktopScopedEventBus::post(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) {
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(eventMutex);
-        if (eventQueue.size() >= kDesktopEventQueueLimit)
-            eventQueue.pop_front();
-        eventQueue.push_back(event);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        if (queue.size() >= kDesktopEventQueueLimit)
+            queue.pop_front();
+        queue.push_back(event);
     }
-    signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
+    globalBus.signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
 }
 
-bool DesktopEventBus::popEvent(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(eventMutex);
-    if (eventQueue.empty())
+bool DesktopScopedEventBus::pop(cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& outEvent) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+    if (queue.empty())
         return false;
-    outEvent = eventQueue.front();
-    eventQueue.pop_front();
+    outEvent = queue.front();
+    queue.pop_front();
     return true;
 }
 
-DesktopTimerService::DesktopTimerService(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus) : runtime(owner), eventBus(bus) {
+void DesktopScopedEventBus::clear() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+    queue.clear();
+}
+
+DesktopTimerService::DesktopTimerService(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IAppEventBus& appBus) :
+    runtime(owner), appEventBus(appBus) {
     worker = std::thread(&DesktopTimerService::workerLoop, this);
 }
 
@@ -94,33 +102,17 @@ DesktopTimerService::~DesktopTimerService() {
     cv.notify_all();
     if (worker.joinable())
         worker.join();
+    cancelAllTimers();
 }
 
-cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId DesktopTimerService::acquireClient() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-    cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId id = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient;
-    do {
-        id = nextClient++;
-    } while (id == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient);
-    if (nextClient == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
-        ++nextClient;
-    return id;
-}
-
-void DesktopTimerService::releaseClient(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) { cancelAllTimers(clientId); }
-
-cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle DesktopTimerService::scheduleTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId,
-                                                               std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {
-    if (clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
-        return cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-
+cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle DesktopTimerService::scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {
     const auto now              = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     const auto effectiveDelayMs = std::chrono::milliseconds(delay_ms);
     const auto dueTime          = delay_ms == 0 ? now : now + effectiveDelayMs;
-    const auto interval         = std::chrono::milliseconds(std::max<std::uint32_t>(1, repeat ? delay_ms : std::max(delay_ms, 1u)));
+    const auto interval         = std::chrono::milliseconds(std::max<std::uint32_t>(1, repeat ? std::max(delay_ms, 1u)
+                                                                                               : std::max(delay_ms, 1u)));
 
     TimerRecord record{};
-    record.clientId = clientId;
     record.repeat   = repeat;
     record.interval = interval;
     record.due      = dueTime;
@@ -141,25 +133,22 @@ cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle DesktopTimerService::scheduleTimer(cardboy::sdk::Ti
     }
 }
 
-void DesktopTimerService::cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId, cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) {
-    if (clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient || handle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
+void DesktopTimerService::cancelTimer(cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle handle) {
+    if (handle == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer)
         return;
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
     for (auto& record: timers) {
-        if (record.clientId == clientId && record.handle == handle)
+        if (record.handle == handle)
             record.active = false;
     }
     cleanupInactive();
     wakeWorker();
 }
 
-void DesktopTimerService::cancelAllTimers(cardboy::sdk::TimerClientId clientId) {
-    if (clientId == cardboy::sdk::kInvalidTimerClient)
-        return;
+void DesktopTimerService::cancelAllTimers() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
     for (auto& record: timers) {
-        if (record.clientId == clientId)
-            record.active = false;
+        record.active = false;
     }
     cleanupInactive();
     wakeWorker();
@@ -195,13 +184,12 @@ void DesktopTimerService::workerLoop() {
             lock.unlock();
 
             cardboy::sdk::AppTimerEvent timerEvent{};
-            timerEvent.clientId = record.clientId;
-            timerEvent.handle   = record.handle;
+            timerEvent.handle = record.handle;
 
             cardboy::sdk::AppEvent event{};
             event.timestamp_ms = runtime.clock.millis();
             event.data         = timerEvent;
-            eventBus.postEvent(event);
+            appEventBus.post(event);
 
             lock.lock();
             continue;
@@ -218,6 +206,19 @@ void DesktopTimerService::cleanupInactive() {
                  timers.end());
 }
 
+DesktopAppServiceProvider::DesktopAppServiceProvider(DesktopRuntime& owner, cardboy::sdk::IEventBus& bus) :
+    runtime(owner), eventBus(bus) {}
+
+std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::AppScopedServices> DesktopAppServiceProvider::createScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation) {
+    (void)generation;
+    auto scoped            = std::make_unique<ScopedServices>();
+    scoped->ownedEventBus  = std::make_unique<DesktopScopedEventBus>(eventBus);
+    scoped->events         = scoped->ownedEventBus.get();
+    scoped->ownedTimer     = std::make_unique<DesktopTimerService>(runtime, *scoped->ownedEventBus);
+    scoped->timer          = scoped->ownedTimer.get();
+    return scoped;
+}
+
 bool DesktopStorage::readUint32(std::string_view ns, std::string_view key, std::uint32_t& out) {
     auto it = data.find(composeKey(ns, key));
     if (it == data.end())
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ DesktopRuntime::DesktopRuntime() :
            "Cardboy Desktop"),
     texture(), sprite(texture),
     pixels(static_cast<std::size_t>(cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth * cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight) * 4, 0),
-    framebuffer(*this), input(*this), clock(*this), eventBusService(*this), timerService(*this, eventBusService) {
+    framebuffer(*this), input(*this), clock(*this), eventBusService(*this), appServiceProvider(*this, eventBusService) {
     window.setFramerateLimit(60);
     if (!texture.resize(sf::Vector2u{cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth, cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight}))
         throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate texture for desktop framebuffer");
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ DesktopRuntime::DesktopRuntime() :
     services.highResClock = &highResService;
     services.filesystem   = &filesystemService;
     services.eventBus     = &eventBusService;
-    services.timer        = &timerService;
+    services.appServices  = &appServiceProvider;
     services.loopHooks    = nullptr;
     services.notifications = &notificationService;
 }

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/app_framework.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
@@ -33,74 +34,52 @@ struct AppContext {
 
     [[nodiscard]] Services* getServices() const { return services; }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] IBuzzer*         buzzer() const { return services ? services->buzzer : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IBatteryMonitor* battery() const { return services ? services->battery : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IStorage*        storage() const { return services ? services->storage : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IRandom*         random() const { return services ? services->random : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IHighResClock*   highResClock() const { return services ? services->highResClock : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IFilesystem*     filesystem() const { return services ? services->filesystem : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IEventBus*       eventBus() const { return services ? services->eventBus : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] ITimerService*   timerService() const { return services ? services->timer : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] ILoopHooks*      loopHooks() const { return services ? services->loopHooks : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IBuzzer*             buzzer() const { return services ? services->buzzer : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IBatteryMonitor*     battery() const { return services ? services->battery : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IStorage*            storage() const { return services ? services->storage : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IRandom*             random() const { return services ? services->random : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IHighResClock*       highResClock() const { return services ? services->highResClock : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IFilesystem*         filesystem() const { return services ? services->filesystem : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] AppScopedServices*   appServices() const { return _scopedServices; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IEventBus*           eventBus() const { return services ? services->eventBus : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] ITimerService*       timer() const { return _scopedServices ? _scopedServices->timer : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] ILoopHooks*          loopHooks() const { return services ? services->loopHooks : nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] INotificationCenter* notificationCenter() const {
         return services ? services->notifications : nullptr;
     }
 
     void requestAppSwitchByIndex(std::size_t index) {
-        pendingAppIndex = index;
-        pendingAppName.clear();
-        pendingSwitchByName = false;
-        pendingSwitch       = true;
+        _pendingAppIndex = index;
+        _pendingAppName.clear();
+        _pendingSwitchByName = false;
+        _pendingSwitch       = true;
     }
 
     void requestAppSwitchByName(std::string_view name) {
-        pendingAppName.assign(name.begin(), name.end());
-        pendingSwitchByName = true;
-        pendingSwitch       = true;
+        _pendingAppName.assign(name.begin(), name.end());
+        _pendingSwitchByName = true;
+        _pendingSwitch       = true;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool hasPendingAppSwitch() const { return pendingSwitch; }
-
-    AppTimerHandle scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat = false) {
-        auto* timer = timerService();
-        if (!timer || timerClientId == kInvalidTimerClient)
-            return kInvalidAppTimer;
-        return timer->scheduleTimer(timerClientId, delay_ms, repeat);
-    }
-
-    AppTimerHandle scheduleRepeatingTimer(std::uint32_t interval_ms) {
-        return scheduleTimer(interval_ms, true);
-    }
-
-    void cancelTimer(AppTimerHandle handle) {
-        auto* timer = timerService();
-        if (!timer || timerClientId == kInvalidTimerClient)
-            return;
-        timer->cancelTimer(timerClientId, handle);
-    }
-
-    void cancelAllTimers() {
-        auto* timer = timerService();
-        if (!timer || timerClientId == kInvalidTimerClient)
-            return;
-        timer->cancelAllTimers(timerClientId);
-    }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool hasPendingAppSwitch() const { return _pendingSwitch; }
 
 private:
     friend class AppSystem;
-    bool        pendingSwitch       = false;
-    bool        pendingSwitchByName = false;
-    std::size_t pendingAppIndex     = 0;
-    std::string pendingAppName;
-    TimerClientId timerClientId     = kInvalidTimerClient;
+    bool               _pendingSwitch       = false;
+    bool               _pendingSwitchByName = false;
+    std::size_t        _pendingAppIndex     = 0;
+    std::string        _pendingAppName;
+    AppScopedServices* _scopedServices = nullptr;
+
+    void setScopedServices(AppScopedServices* services) { _scopedServices = services; }
 };
 
 class IApp {
 public:
     virtual ~IApp() = default;
-    virtual void onStart() {}
-    virtual void onStop() {}
-    virtual void handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) = 0;
+    virtual void                         onStart() {}
+    virtual void                         onStop() {}
+    virtual std::optional<std::uint32_t> handleEvent(const AppEvent& event) = 0;
 };
 
 class IAppFactory {

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp>
 #include "app_framework.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -16,36 +15,31 @@ public:
     ~AppSystem();
 
     void registerApp(std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory> factory);
-    bool startApp(const std::string& name);
-    bool startAppByIndex(std::size_t index);
+    void startApp(const std::string& name);
+    void startAppByIndex(std::size_t index);
 
     void run();
 
-    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        appCount() const { return factories.size(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        appCount() const { return _factories.size(); }
     [[nodiscard]] const IAppFactory* factoryAt(std::size_t index) const;
     [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        indexOfFactory(const IAppFactory* factory) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        currentFactoryIndex() const { return activeIndex; }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        currentFactoryIndex() const { return _activeIndex; }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const IApp*        currentApp() const { return current.get(); }
-    [[nodiscard]] const IAppFactory* currentFactory() const { return activeFactory; }
+    [[nodiscard]] const IApp*        currentApp() const { return _current.get(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] const IAppFactory* currentFactory() const { return _activeFactory; }
 
 private:
-    friend struct AppContext;
+    void                               handlePendingSwitchRequest();
+    std::unique_ptr<AppScopedServices> createAppScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation);
 
-    void dispatchEvent(const AppEvent& event);
-    bool handlePendingSwitchRequest();
-    void attachTimerClient();
-    void detachTimerClient();
-    void processEventBusEvents();
-
-    AppContext                                context;
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory>> factories;
-    std::unique_ptr<IApp>                     current;
-    IAppFactory*                              activeFactory = nullptr;
-    std::size_t                               activeIndex   = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
-    TimerClientId                              timerClientId    = kInvalidTimerClient;
-    InputState                                lastInputState{};
-    bool                                      suppressInputs = false;
+    AppContext                                _context;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory>> _factories;
+    std::unique_ptr<IApp>                     _current;
+    IAppFactory*                              _activeFactory = nullptr;
+    std::size_t                               _activeIndex   = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+    std::unique_ptr<AppScopedServices>        _scopedServices;
+    std::uint64_t                             _nextScopedGeneration = 1;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t>              _currentTimeout;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ public:
     static void invokePreSend(void* framebuffer);
 
 private:
-    static PreSendHook hook_;
-    static void*       userData_;
+    static PreSendHook _hook;
+    static void*       _userData;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/status_bar.hpp

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ class StatusBar {
 public:
     static StatusBar& instance();
 
-    void setServices(Services* services) { services_ = services; }
+    void setServices(Services* services) { _services = services; }
 
     void               setEnabled(bool value);
     void               toggle();
-    [[nodiscard]] bool isEnabled() const { return enabled_; }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool isEnabled() const { return _enabled; }
 
     void setCurrentAppName(std::string_view name);
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
 
     template<typename Framebuffer>
     void renderIfEnabled(Framebuffer& fb) {
-        if (!enabled_)
+        if (!_enabled)
             return;
         renderBar(fb);
     }
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] std::string prepareLeftText(int displayWidth) const;
     [[nodiscard]] std::string prepareRightText() const;
 
-    bool        enabled_  = false;
-    Services*   services_ = nullptr;
-    std::string appName_{};
+    bool        _enabled  = false;
+    Services*   _services = nullptr;
+    std::string _appName{};
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/app_system.cpp

@@ -3,18 +3,11 @@
 #include "cardboy/sdk/status_bar.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <optional>
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace cardboy::sdk {
 namespace {
-[[nodiscard]] bool inputsDiffer(const InputState& a, const InputState& b) {
-    return a.up != b.up || a.down != b.down || a.left != b.left || a.right != b.right || a.a != b.a || a.b != b.b ||
-           a.select != b.select || a.start != b.start;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] bool anyButtonPressed(const InputState& state) {
-    return state.up || state.down || state.left || state.right || state.a || state.b || state.select || state.start;
-}
 
 template<typename Framebuffer>
 void statusBarPreSendHook(void* framebuffer, void* userData) {
@@ -25,191 +18,128 @@ void statusBarPreSendHook(void* framebuffer, void* userData) {
 }
 } // namespace
 
-AppSystem::AppSystem(AppContext ctx) : context(std::move(ctx)) {
-    context.system  = this;
+AppSystem::AppSystem(AppContext ctx) : _context(std::move(ctx)) {
+    _context.system = this;
     auto& statusBar = StatusBar::instance();
-    statusBar.setServices(context.services);
-    using FBType = typename AppContext::Framebuffer;
-    FramebufferHooks::setPreSendHook(&statusBarPreSendHook<FBType>, &statusBar);
+    statusBar.setServices(_context.services);
+    FramebufferHooks::setPreSendHook(&statusBarPreSendHook<AppContext::Framebuffer>, &statusBar);
 }
 
-AppSystem::~AppSystem() {
-    detachTimerClient();
-    FramebufferHooks::clearPreSendHook();
-}
+AppSystem::~AppSystem() { FramebufferHooks::clearPreSendHook(); }
 
 void AppSystem::registerApp(std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory> factory) {
-    if (!factory)
-        return;
-    factories.emplace_back(std::move(factory));
+    assert(factory);
+    _factories.emplace_back(std::move(factory));
 }
 
-bool AppSystem::startApp(const std::string& name) {
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < factories.size(); ++i) {
-        if (factories[i]->name() == name)
-            return startAppByIndex(i);
+void AppSystem::startApp(const std::string& name) {
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < _factories.size(); ++i) {
+        if (_factories[i]->name() == name)
+            startAppByIndex(i);
     }
-    return false;
 }
 
-bool AppSystem::startAppByIndex(std::size_t index) {
-    if (index >= factories.size())
-        return false;
+void AppSystem::startAppByIndex(std::size_t index) {
+    assert(index < _factories.size());
 
-    context.system = this;
-    auto& factory  = factories[index];
-    auto  app      = factory->create(context);
-    if (!app)
-        return false;
-
-    if (current) {
-        current->onStop();
-        current.reset();
-        detachTimerClient();
+    if (_current) {
+        _current->onStop();
+        _current.reset();
     }
 
-    activeFactory               = factory.get();
-    activeIndex                 = index;
-    context.pendingSwitch       = false;
-    context.pendingSwitchByName = false;
-    context.pendingAppName.clear();
-    current        = std::move(app);
-    attachTimerClient();
-    lastInputState = context.input.readState();
-    suppressInputs = true;
-    StatusBar::instance().setServices(context.services);
-    StatusBar::instance().setCurrentAppName(activeFactory ? activeFactory->name() : "");
-    current->onStart();
-    return true;
+    _context.system = this;
+
+    auto& factory = _factories[index];
+
+    const std::uint64_t newGeneration = _nextScopedGeneration++;
+
+    auto app = factory->create(_context);
+    assert(app);
+
+    _scopedServices.reset();
+    auto scoped     = createAppScopedServices(newGeneration);
+    _scopedServices = std::move(scoped);
+    _context.setScopedServices(_scopedServices.get());
+
+    _activeFactory                = factory.get();
+    _activeIndex                  = index;
+    _context._pendingSwitch       = false;
+    _context._pendingSwitchByName = false;
+    _context._pendingAppName.clear();
+    _current        = std::move(app);
+    _currentTimeout = std::nullopt;
+    StatusBar::instance().setServices(_context.services);
+    StatusBar::instance().setCurrentAppName(_activeFactory ? _activeFactory->name() : "");
+    _current->onStart();
 }
 
 void AppSystem::run() {
-    if (!current) {
-        if (factories.empty() || !startAppByIndex(0))
-            return;
+    if (!_current) {
+        assert(!_factories.empty());
+        startAppByIndex(0);
     }
 
     while (true) {
-        auto* eventBus = context.eventBus();
-        if (!eventBus)
-            return;
-
-        if (auto* hooks = context.loopHooks())
+        if (auto* hooks = _context.loopHooks())
             hooks->onLoopIteration();
 
-        processEventBusEvents();
-        if (handlePendingSwitchRequest())
-            continue;
-
-        const std::uint32_t now                     = context.clock.millis();
-        const InputState inputNow               = context.input.readState();
-        const bool       consumedByStatusToggle = StatusBar::instance().handleToggleInput(inputNow, lastInputState);
-
-        if (suppressInputs) {
-            lastInputState = inputNow;
-            if (!anyButtonPressed(inputNow))
-                suppressInputs = false;
-        } else if (!consumedByStatusToggle && inputsDiffer(inputNow, lastInputState)) {
-            AppButtonEvent button{};
-            button.current  = inputNow;
-            button.previous = lastInputState;
-
-            AppEvent evt{};
-            evt.timestamp_ms = now;
-            evt.data         = button;
-
-            lastInputState = inputNow;
-            dispatchEvent(evt);
-        } else if (consumedByStatusToggle) {
-            lastInputState = inputNow;
+        AppEvent event;
+        auto     event_opt = _context.eventBus()->pop(_currentTimeout);
+        if (!event_opt) {
+            event = AppEvent{_context.clock.millis(), AppTimeoutEvent{}};
+        } else {
+            event = *event_opt;
         }
 
-        if (handlePendingSwitchRequest())
+        if (const auto* btn = event.button()) {
+            const bool consumedByStatusToggle = StatusBar::instance().handleToggleInput(btn->current, btn->previous);
+            if (consumedByStatusToggle) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        _currentTimeout = _current->handleEvent(event);
+        if (_context._pendingSwitch) {
+            handlePendingSwitchRequest();
             continue;
-
-        const std::uint32_t mask = to_event_bits(EventBusSignal::Input) | to_event_bits(EventBusSignal::Timer);
-        eventBus->wait(mask, IEventBus::kWaitForever);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 const IAppFactory* AppSystem::factoryAt(std::size_t index) const {
-    if (index >= factories.size())
+    if (index >= _factories.size())
         return nullptr;
-    return factories[index].get();
+    return _factories[index].get();
 }
 
 std::size_t AppSystem::indexOfFactory(const IAppFactory* factory) const {
     if (!factory)
         return static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < factories.size(); ++i) {
-        if (factories[i].get() == factory)
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < _factories.size(); ++i) {
+        if (_factories[i].get() == factory)
             return i;
     }
     return static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
 }
 
-void AppSystem::dispatchEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
-    if (!current)
-        return;
-
-    if (const auto* timer = event.timer()) {
-        if (timer->clientId != timerClientId)
-            return;
-    }
-
-    current->handleEvent(event);
-}
-
-bool AppSystem::handlePendingSwitchRequest() {
-    if (!context.pendingSwitch)
-        return false;
-    const bool        byName    = context.pendingSwitchByName;
-    const std::size_t reqIndex  = context.pendingAppIndex;
-    const std::string reqName   = context.pendingAppName;
-    context.pendingSwitch       = false;
-    context.pendingSwitchByName = false;
-    context.pendingAppName.clear();
+void AppSystem::handlePendingSwitchRequest() {
+    assert(_context._pendingSwitch);
+    const bool        byName      = _context._pendingSwitchByName;
+    const std::size_t reqIndex    = _context._pendingAppIndex;
+    const std::string reqName     = _context._pendingAppName;
+    _context._pendingSwitch       = false;
+    _context._pendingSwitchByName = false;
+    _context._pendingAppName.clear();
     bool switched = false;
     if (byName)
-        switched = startApp(reqName);
+        startApp(reqName);
     else
-        switched = startAppByIndex(reqIndex);
-    return switched;
+        startAppByIndex(reqIndex);
 }
 
-void AppSystem::attachTimerClient() {
-    auto* timer = context.timerService();
-    if (!timer) {
-        timerClientId         = kInvalidTimerClient;
-        context.timerClientId = kInvalidTimerClient;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    timerClientId         = timer->acquireClient();
-    context.timerClientId = timerClientId;
-}
-
-void AppSystem::detachTimerClient() {
-    auto* timer = context.timerService();
-    if (!timer || timerClientId == kInvalidTimerClient)
-        return;
-
-    timer->releaseClient(timerClientId);
-    timerClientId         = kInvalidTimerClient;
-    context.timerClientId = kInvalidTimerClient;
-}
-
-void AppSystem::processEventBusEvents() {
-    auto* eventBus = context.eventBus();
-    if (!eventBus)
-        return;
-
-    AppEvent event{};
-    while (eventBus->popEvent(event)) {
-        dispatchEvent(event);
-        if (context.pendingSwitch)
-            break;
-    }
+std::unique_ptr<AppScopedServices> AppSystem::createAppScopedServices(std::uint64_t generation) {
+    if (!_context.services || !_context.services->appServices)
+        return nullptr;
+    return _context.services->appServices->createScopedServices(generation);
 }
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/framebuffer_hooks.cpp

@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
 
 namespace cardboy::sdk {
 
-FramebufferHooks::PreSendHook FramebufferHooks::hook_     = nullptr;
-void*                         FramebufferHooks::userData_ = nullptr;
+FramebufferHooks::PreSendHook FramebufferHooks::_hook     = nullptr;
+void*                         FramebufferHooks::_userData = nullptr;
 
 void FramebufferHooks::setPreSendHook(PreSendHook hook, void* userData) {
-    hook_     = hook;
-    userData_ = userData;
+    _hook     = hook;
+    _userData = userData;
 }
 
 void FramebufferHooks::clearPreSendHook() {
-    hook_     = nullptr;
-    userData_ = nullptr;
+    _hook     = nullptr;
+    _userData = nullptr;
 }
 
 void FramebufferHooks::invokePreSend(void* framebuffer) {
-    if (hook_)
-        hook_(framebuffer, userData_);
+    if (_hook)
+        _hook(framebuffer, _userData);
 }
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/status_bar.cpp

@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ StatusBar& StatusBar::instance() {
     return bar;
 }
 
-void StatusBar::setEnabled(bool value) { enabled_ = value; }
+void StatusBar::setEnabled(bool value) { _enabled = value; }
 
 void StatusBar::toggle() {
-    enabled_ = !enabled_;
-    if (services_ && services_->buzzer)
-        services_->buzzer->beepMove();
+    _enabled = !_enabled;
+    if (_services && _services->buzzer)
+        _services->buzzer->beepMove();
 }
 
 void StatusBar::setCurrentAppName(std::string_view name) {
-    appName_.assign(name.begin(), name.end());
-    std::transform(appName_.begin(), appName_.end(), appName_.begin(),
+    _appName.assign(name.begin(), name.end());
+    std::transform(_appName.begin(), _appName.end(), _appName.begin(),
                    [](unsigned char ch) { return static_cast<char>(std::toupper(ch)); });
 }
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ bool StatusBar::handleToggleInput(const InputState& current, const InputState& p
 }
 
 std::string StatusBar::prepareLeftText(int displayWidth) const {
-    std::string text     = appName_.empty() ? std::string("CARDBOY") : appName_;
+    std::string text     = _appName.empty() ? std::string("CARDBOY") : _appName;
     int         maxWidth = std::max(0, displayWidth - 32);
     while (!text.empty() && font16x8::measureText(text, 1, 1) > maxWidth)
         text.pop_back();
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ std::string StatusBar::prepareLeftText(int displayWidth) const {
 }
 
 std::string StatusBar::prepareRightText() const {
-    if (!services_)
+    if (!_services)
         return {};
 
     std::string right;
-    if (services_->battery && services_->battery->hasData()) {
-        const float current   = services_->battery->current();
-        const float chargeMah = services_->battery->charge();
-        const float fallbackV = services_->battery->voltage();
+    if (_services->battery && _services->battery->hasData()) {
+        const float current   = _services->battery->current();
+        const float chargeMah = _services->battery->charge();
+        const float fallbackV = _services->battery->voltage();
         char        buf[64];
         if (std::isfinite(current) && std::isfinite(chargeMah)) {
             std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "cur %.2fmA chr %.2fmAh", static_cast<double>(current),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ std::string StatusBar::prepareRightText() const {
         right.assign(buf);
     }
 
-    if (services_->buzzer && services_->buzzer->isMuted()) {
+    if (_services->buzzer && _services->buzzer->isMuted()) {
         if (!right.empty())
             right.append(" ");
         right.append("MUTE");

Firmware/sdkconfig

@@ -613,9 +613,9 @@ CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5=y
 #
 # Compiler options
 #
-# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG is not set
+CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE is not set
-CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_PERF=y
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_PERF is not set
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_NONE is not set
 CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_ENABLE=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_SILENT is not set
@@ -1714,6 +1714,7 @@ CONFIG_FREERTOS_IDLE_TIME_BEFORE_SLEEP=3
 #
 # Port
 #
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_FUNCTION_WRAPPER=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_WATCHPOINT_END_OF_STACK is not set
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_PRE_DELETION_HOOK is not set
@@ -1761,16 +1762,16 @@ CONFIG_HAL_WDT_USE_ROM_IMPL=y
 #
 # Heap memory debugging
 #
-CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_DISABLED=y
+# CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_DISABLED is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_LIGHT is not set
-# CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_COMPREHENSIVE is not set
+CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_COMPREHENSIVE=y
 CONFIG_HEAP_TRACING_OFF=y
 # CONFIG_HEAP_TRACING_STANDALONE is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_TRACING_TOHOST is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_USE_HOOKS is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_TASK_TRACKING is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_ABORT_WHEN_ALLOCATION_FAILS is not set
-CONFIG_HEAP_TLSF_USE_ROM_IMPL=y
+# CONFIG_HEAP_TLSF_USE_ROM_IMPL is not set
 # CONFIG_HEAP_PLACE_FUNCTION_INTO_FLASH is not set
 # end of Heap memory debugging
 
@@ -2463,9 +2464,9 @@ CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL=3
 CONFIG_FLASHMODE_DIO=y
 # CONFIG_FLASHMODE_DOUT is not set
 CONFIG_MONITOR_BAUD=115200
-# CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG is not set
-# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG is not set
-# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEFAULT is not set
+CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG=y
+CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG=y
+CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEFAULT=y
 # CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_RELEASE is not set
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_RELEASE is not set
 CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED=y

Firmware/sdkconfig.old

@@ -599,13 +599,13 @@ CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_MONITOR_BAUD=115200
 #
 # Partition Table
 #
-CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_SINGLE_APP=y
+# CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_SINGLE_APP is not set
 # CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_SINGLE_APP_LARGE is not set
 # CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_TWO_OTA is not set
 # CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_TWO_OTA_LARGE is not set
-# CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM is not set
+CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM=y
 CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM_FILENAME="partitions.csv"
-CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_FILENAME="partitions_singleapp.csv"
+CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_FILENAME="partitions.csv"
 CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_OFFSET=0x8000
 CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5=y
 # end of Partition Table
@@ -613,9 +613,9 @@ CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5=y
 #
 # Compiler options
 #
-CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG=y
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG is not set
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE is not set
-# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_PERF is not set
+CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_PERF=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_NONE is not set
 CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_ENABLE=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_SILENT is not set
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ CONFIG_COMPILER_RT_LIB_GCCLIB=y
 CONFIG_COMPILER_RT_LIB_NAME="gcc"
 CONFIG_COMPILER_ORPHAN_SECTIONS_WARNING=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_ORPHAN_SECTIONS_PLACE is not set
-CONFIG_COMPILER_STATIC_ANALYZER=y
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_STATIC_ANALYZER is not set
 # end of Compiler options
 
 #
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_ROLE_BROADCASTER=y
 CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_ROLE_OBSERVER=y
 CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_GATT_CLIENT=y
 CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_GATT_SERVER=y
-# CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_NVS_PERSIST is not set
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_NVS_PERSIST=y
 # CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_SMP_ID_RESET is not set
 CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_SECURITY_ENABLE=y
 CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_SM_LEGACY=y
@@ -1699,9 +1699,13 @@ CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH=2048
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH=10
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_QUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE=0
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES=1
-# CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TRACE_FACILITY is not set
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TRACE_FACILITY=y
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is not set
-# CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS is not set
+# CONFIG_FREERTOS_VTASKLIST_INCLUDE_COREID is not set
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS=y
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE_U32=y
+# CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE_U64 is not set
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICKLESS_IDLE=y
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_IDLE_TIME_BEFORE_SLEEP=3
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG is not set
@@ -1710,7 +1714,6 @@ CONFIG_FREERTOS_IDLE_TIME_BEFORE_SLEEP=3
 #
 # Port
 #
-CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_FUNCTION_WRAPPER=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_WATCHPOINT_END_OF_STACK is not set
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_PRE_DELETION_HOOK is not set
@@ -1722,6 +1725,7 @@ CONFIG_FREERTOS_TICK_SUPPORT_SYSTIMER=y
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_CORETIMER_SYSTIMER_LVL1=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_CORETIMER_SYSTIMER_LVL3 is not set
 CONFIG_FREERTOS_SYSTICK_USES_SYSTIMER=y
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_STATS_USING_ESP_TIMER=y
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_PLACE_FUNCTIONS_INTO_FLASH is not set
 # CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_PORT_CRITICAL_COMPLIANCE is not set
 # end of Port
@@ -2410,6 +2414,211 @@ CONFIG_WL_SECTOR_SIZE=4096
 CONFIG_WIFI_PROV_SCAN_MAX_ENTRIES=16
 CONFIG_WIFI_PROV_AUTOSTOP_TIMEOUT=30
 CONFIG_WIFI_PROV_BLE_SEC_CONN=y
+
+#
+# LittleFS
+#
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_SDMMC_SUPPORT is not set
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MAX_PARTITIONS=3
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_PAGE_SIZE=256
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_OBJ_NAME_LEN=64
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_READ_SIZE=128
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_WRITE_SIZE=128
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_LOOKAHEAD_SIZE=128
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_CACHE_SIZE=512
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_BLOCK_CYCLES=512
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_USE_MTIME=y
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_USE_ONLY_HASH is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_HUMAN_READABLE is not set
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MTIME_USE_SECONDS=y
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MTIME_USE_NONCE is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_SPIFFS_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FLUSH_FILE_EVERY_WRITE is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FCNTL_GET_PATH is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MULTIVERSION is not set
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MALLOC_STRATEGY_DISABLE is not set
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MALLOC_STRATEGY_DEFAULT=y
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MALLOC_STRATEGY_INTERNAL is not set
+CONFIG_LITTLEFS_ASSERTS=y
+# CONFIG_LITTLEFS_MMAP_PARTITION is not set
+# end of LittleFS
 # end of Component config
 
 # CONFIG_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES is not set
+
+# Deprecated options for backward compatibility
+# CONFIG_APP_BUILD_TYPE_ELF_RAM is not set
+# CONFIG_NO_BLOBS is not set
+# CONFIG_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE is not set
+# CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_NONE is not set
+# CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_ERROR is not set
+# CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_WARN is not set
+CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_INFO=y
+# CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_DEBUG is not set
+# CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL_VERBOSE is not set
+CONFIG_LOG_BOOTLOADER_LEVEL=3
+# CONFIG_FLASH_ENCRYPTION_ENABLED is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASHMODE_QIO is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASHMODE_QOUT is not set
+CONFIG_FLASHMODE_DIO=y
+# CONFIG_FLASHMODE_DOUT is not set
+CONFIG_MONITOR_BAUD=115200
+# CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG is not set
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_DEBUG is not set
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEFAULT is not set
+# CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_RELEASE is not set
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_RELEASE is not set
+CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED=y
+# CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_SILENT is not set
+# CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_DISABLED is not set
+CONFIG_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTION_LEVEL=2
+# CONFIG_CXX_EXCEPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_NONE is not set
+# CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_NORM is not set
+CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_STRONG=y
+# CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_ALL is not set
+CONFIG_STACK_CHECK=y
+CONFIG_WARN_WRITE_STRINGS=y
+# CONFIG_ESP32_APPTRACE_DEST_TRAX is not set
+CONFIG_ESP32_APPTRACE_DEST_NONE=y
+CONFIG_ESP32_APPTRACE_LOCK_ENABLE=y
+# CONFIG_BLUEDROID_ENABLED is not set
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ENABLED=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_MEM_ALLOC_MODE_INTERNAL=y
+# CONFIG_NIMBLE_MEM_ALLOC_MODE_DEFAULT is not set
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS=3
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_MAX_BONDS=3
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_MAX_CCCDS=8
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_L2CAP_COC_MAX_NUM=0
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_PINNED_TO_CORE=0
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_TASK_STACK_SIZE=4096
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_TASK_STACK_SIZE=4096
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ROLE_CENTRAL=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ROLE_PERIPHERAL=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ROLE_BROADCASTER=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ROLE_OBSERVER=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_NVS_PERSIST=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_SM_LEGACY=y
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_SM_SC=y
+# CONFIG_NIMBLE_SM_SC_DEBUG_KEYS is not set
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_SM_SC_LVL=0
+# CONFIG_NIMBLE_DEBUG is not set
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_SVC_GAP_DEVICE_NAME="nimble"
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_GAP_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN=31
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_ATT_PREFERRED_MTU=256
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_SVC_GAP_APPEARANCE=0
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_MSYS1_BLOCK_COUNT=24
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_ACL_BUF_COUNT=24
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_ACL_BUF_SIZE=255
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_HCI_EVT_BUF_SIZE=70
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_HCI_EVT_HI_BUF_COUNT=30
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_HCI_EVT_LO_BUF_COUNT=8
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_RPA_TIMEOUT=900
+# CONFIG_NIMBLE_MESH is not set
+CONFIG_NIMBLE_CRYPTO_STACK_MBEDTLS=y
+# CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_COEX_PHY_CODED_TX_RX_TLIM_EN is not set
+CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_COEX_PHY_CODED_TX_RX_TLIM_DIS=y
+CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE=y
+CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE=y
+CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE=y
+# CONFIG_ANA_CMPR_ISR_IRAM_SAFE is not set
+# CONFIG_GPTIMER_ISR_IRAM_SAFE is not set
+# CONFIG_MCPWM_ISR_IRAM_SAFE is not set
+# CONFIG_EVENT_LOOP_PROFILING is not set
+CONFIG_POST_EVENTS_FROM_ISR=y
+CONFIG_POST_EVENTS_FROM_IRAM_ISR=y
+CONFIG_GDBSTUB_SUPPORT_TASKS=y
+CONFIG_GDBSTUB_MAX_TASKS=32
+# CONFIG_OTA_ALLOW_HTTP is not set
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PD_FLASH=y
+CONFIG_PERIPH_CTRL_FUNC_IN_IRAM=y
+CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET=y
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_7 is not set
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_6 is not set
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_5 is not set
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_4 is not set
+CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_3=y
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_2 is not set
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_1 is not set
+# CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL_0 is not set
+CONFIG_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL=3
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_BROWNOUT_INTR=y
+CONFIG_ESP32_PHY_CALIBRATION_AND_DATA_STORAGE=y
+CONFIG_ESP32_PHY_MAX_WIFI_TX_POWER=20
+CONFIG_ESP32_PHY_MAX_TX_POWER=20
+# CONFIG_REDUCE_PHY_TX_POWER is not set
+# CONFIG_ESP32_REDUCE_PHY_TX_POWER is not set
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PM_POWER_DOWN_CPU=y
+CONFIG_ESP32_RTC_XTAL_BOOTSTRAP_CYCLES=0
+CONFIG_SYSTEM_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE=32
+CONFIG_SYSTEM_EVENT_TASK_STACK_SIZE=2304
+CONFIG_MAIN_TASK_STACK_SIZE=3584
+CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART_DEFAULT=y
+# CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART_CUSTOM is not set
+# CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART_NONE is not set
+# CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_UART_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART=y
+CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART_NUM=0
+CONFIG_CONSOLE_UART_BAUDRATE=115200
+CONFIG_INT_WDT=y
+CONFIG_INT_WDT_TIMEOUT_MS=300
+CONFIG_TASK_WDT=y
+CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT=y
+# CONFIG_TASK_WDT_PANIC is not set
+CONFIG_TASK_WDT_TIMEOUT_S=5
+CONFIG_TASK_WDT_CHECK_IDLE_TASK_CPU0=y
+# CONFIG_ESP32_DEBUG_STUBS_ENABLE is not set
+CONFIG_IPC_TASK_STACK_SIZE=1024
+CONFIG_TIMER_TASK_STACK_SIZE=3584
+# CONFIG_ESP32_ENABLE_COREDUMP_TO_FLASH is not set
+# CONFIG_ESP32_ENABLE_COREDUMP_TO_UART is not set
+CONFIG_ESP32_ENABLE_COREDUMP_TO_NONE=y
+CONFIG_TIMER_TASK_PRIORITY=1
+CONFIG_TIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH=2048
+CONFIG_TIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH=10
+# CONFIG_ENABLE_STATIC_TASK_CLEAN_UP_HOOK is not set
+# CONFIG_HAL_ASSERTION_SILIENT is not set
+# CONFIG_L2_TO_L3_COPY is not set
+CONFIG_ESP_GRATUITOUS_ARP=y
+CONFIG_GARP_TMR_INTERVAL=60
+CONFIG_TCPIP_RECVMBOX_SIZE=32
+CONFIG_TCP_MAXRTX=12
+CONFIG_TCP_SYNMAXRTX=12
+CONFIG_TCP_MSS=1440
+CONFIG_TCP_MSL=60000
+CONFIG_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT=5760
+CONFIG_TCP_WND_DEFAULT=5760
+CONFIG_TCP_RECVMBOX_SIZE=6
+CONFIG_TCP_QUEUE_OOSEQ=y
+CONFIG_TCP_OVERSIZE_MSS=y
+# CONFIG_TCP_OVERSIZE_QUARTER_MSS is not set
+# CONFIG_TCP_OVERSIZE_DISABLE is not set
+CONFIG_UDP_RECVMBOX_SIZE=6
+CONFIG_TCPIP_TASK_STACK_SIZE=3072
+CONFIG_TCPIP_TASK_AFFINITY_NO_AFFINITY=y
+# CONFIG_TCPIP_TASK_AFFINITY_CPU0 is not set
+CONFIG_TCPIP_TASK_AFFINITY=0x7FFFFFFF
+# CONFIG_PPP_SUPPORT is not set
+CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDOUT_LINE_ENDING_CRLF=y
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDOUT_LINE_ENDING_LF is not set
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDOUT_LINE_ENDING_CR is not set
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDIN_LINE_ENDING_CRLF is not set
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDIN_LINE_ENDING_LF is not set
+CONFIG_NEWLIB_STDIN_LINE_ENDING_CR=y
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_NANO_FORMAT is not set
+CONFIG_NEWLIB_TIME_SYSCALL_USE_RTC_HRT=y
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_TIME_SYSCALL_USE_RTC is not set
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_TIME_SYSCALL_USE_HRT is not set
+# CONFIG_NEWLIB_TIME_SYSCALL_USE_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_ESP32_PTHREAD_TASK_PRIO_DEFAULT=5
+CONFIG_ESP32_PTHREAD_TASK_STACK_SIZE_DEFAULT=3072
+CONFIG_ESP32_PTHREAD_STACK_MIN=768
+CONFIG_ESP32_PTHREAD_TASK_CORE_DEFAULT=-1
+CONFIG_ESP32_PTHREAD_TASK_NAME_DEFAULT="pthread"
+CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_WRITING_DANGEROUS_REGIONS_ABORTS=y
+# CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_WRITING_DANGEROUS_REGIONS_FAILS is not set
+# CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_WRITING_DANGEROUS_REGIONS_ALLOWED is not set
+CONFIG_SUPPRESS_SELECT_DEBUG_OUTPUT=y
+CONFIG_SUPPORT_TERMIOS=y
+CONFIG_SEMIHOSTFS_MAX_MOUNT_POINTS=1
+# End of deprecated options