dump

Firmware/AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+To build:
+(in zsh)
+. "$HOME/esp/esp-idf/export.sh"
+idf.py build

Firmware/components/backend-esp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ idf_component_register(
         "src/buttons.cpp"
         "src/buzzer.cpp"
         "src/esp_backend.cpp"
+        "src/event_bus.cpp"
         "src/display.cpp"
         "src/fs_helper.cpp"
         "src/i2c_global.cpp"
-        "src/power_helper.cpp"
         "src/shutdowner.cpp"
         "src/spi_global.cpp"
         INCLUDE_DIRS
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ idf_component_register(
         nvs_flash
 )
 
+add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../sdk/utils" cardboy_utils_esp)
 add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../sdk/backend_interface" backend_interface_from_backend_esp)
 
 add_library(cardboy_backend_esp INTERFACE)

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/buttons.hpp

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 #ifndef BUTTONS_HPP
 #define BUTTONS_HPP
 
+#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
 #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
 #include "freertos/task.h"
-#include <cstdint>
 
 typedef enum {
     BTN_START  = 1 << 1,
@@ -25,16 +27,18 @@ public:
     static Buttons& get();
     void            pooler(); // FIXME:
     uint8_t         get_pressed();
-    void install_isr();
-    void register_listener(TaskHandle_t task);
+    void            install_isr();
+    void            register_listener(TaskHandle_t task);
+    void            setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus);
 
-    TaskHandle_t     _pooler_task;
+    TaskHandle_t _pooler_task;
 
 private:
     Buttons();
 
-    volatile uint8_t _current;
-    volatile TaskHandle_t _listener = nullptr;
+    volatile uint8_t         _current;
+    volatile TaskHandle_t    _listener = nullptr;
+    cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* _eventBus = nullptr;
 };
 
 

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/buzzer.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 class Buzzer {
 public:
-    static Buzzer &get();
+    static Buzzer& get();
 
     void init(); // call once from app_main
 
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ public:
     void beepRotate();
     void beepMove();
     void beepLock();
-    void beepLines(int lines);      // 1..4 lines
-    void beepLevelUp(int level);    // after increment
+    void beepLines(int lines);   // 1..4 lines
+    void beepLevelUp(int level); // after increment
     void beepGameOver();
 
     // Mute controls
@@ -26,29 +26,29 @@ public:
     void toggleMuted();
     bool isMuted() const { return _muted; }
 
-    // Persistence
-    void loadState();
-    void saveState();
-
 private:
-    struct Step { uint32_t freq; uint32_t dur_ms; uint32_t gap_ms; };
+    struct Step {
+        uint32_t freq;
+        uint32_t dur_ms;
+        uint32_t gap_ms;
+    };
     static constexpr int MAX_QUEUE = 16;
-    Step _queue[MAX_QUEUE]{};
-    int  _q_head = 0; // inclusive
-    int  _q_tail = 0; // exclusive
-    bool _running = false;
-    bool _in_gap  = false;
-    void *_timer  = nullptr; // esp_timer_handle_t (opaque here)
-    bool _muted   = false;
+    Step                 _queue[MAX_QUEUE]{};
+    int                  _q_head  = 0;       // inclusive
+    int                  _q_tail  = 0;       // exclusive
+    bool                 _running = false;
+    bool                 _in_gap  = false;
+    void*                _timer   = nullptr; // esp_timer_handle_t (opaque here)
+    bool                 _muted   = false;
 
     Buzzer() = default;
-    void enqueue(const Step &s);
-    bool empty() const { return _q_head == _q_tail; }
-    Step &front() { return _queue[_q_head]; }
-    void popFront();
-    void startNext();
-    void schedule(uint32_t ms, bool gapPhase);
-    void applyFreq(uint32_t freq);
-    static void timerCb(void *arg);
-    void clearQueue() { _q_head = _q_tail = 0; }
+    void        enqueue(const Step& s);
+    bool        empty() const { return _q_head == _q_tail; }
+    Step&       front() { return _queue[_q_head]; }
+    void        popFront();
+    void        startNext();
+    void        schedule(uint32_t ms, bool gapPhase);
+    void        applyFreq(uint32_t freq);
+    static void timerCb(void* arg);
+    void        clearQueue() { _q_head = _q_tail = 0; }
 };

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/config.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #define DISP_WIDTH  cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth
 #define DISP_HEIGHT cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight
 
-#define BUZZER_PIN GPIO_NUM_25
+#define BUZZER_PIN GPIO_NUM_22
 
 #define PWR_INT  GPIO_NUM_10
 #define PWR_KILL GPIO_NUM_12

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/display.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #define CB_DISPLAY_HPP
 
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/config.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/utils/utils.hpp"
 
 #include "driver/spi_master.h"
 // (Async memcpy removed for debugging simplification)
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <bitset>
 #include <cassert>
-
+#include <cstdint>
 
 namespace SMD {
 static constexpr size_t kLineBytes       = DISP_WIDTH / 8;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ void frame_ready();
 bool frame_transfer_in_flight(); // optional diagnostic: is a frame transfer still in flight?
 
 __attribute__((always_inline)) static void set_pixel(int x, int y, bool value) {
-    assert(x >= 0 && x < DISP_WIDTH && y >= 0 && y < DISP_HEIGHT);
+    CARDBOY_CHECK(x >= 0 && x < DISP_WIDTH && y >= 0 && y < DISP_HEIGHT);
 
     unsigned lineIdx = 2 + kLineMultiSingle * y + (x / 8);
     unsigned bitIdx  = 1 << (7 - (x % 8)) % 8;
@@ -46,6 +47,14 @@ __attribute__((always_inline)) static void set_pixel(int x, int y, bool value) {
     }
 }
 
+__attribute__((always_inline)) static void set_pixel_8(int x, int y, std::uint8_t value) {
+    CARDBOY_CHECK(x >= 0 && x < DISP_WIDTH && y >= 0 && y < DISP_HEIGHT);
+    CARDBOY_CHECK((x % 8) == 0);
+    unsigned lineIdx = 2 + kLineMultiSingle * y + (x / 8);
+    dma_buf[lineIdx] = ~value;
+}
+
+
 extern "C" void s_spi_post_cb(spi_transaction_t* trans);
 
 static inline spi_device_interface_config_t _devcfg = {

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp>
+
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
+#include "freertos/timers.h"
+
+namespace cardboy::backend::esp {
+
+class EventBus final : public cardboy::sdk::IEventBus {
+public:
+    EventBus();
+    ~EventBus() override;
+
+    void          signal(std::uint32_t bits) override;
+    void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) override;
+    std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) override;
+    void          scheduleTimerSignal(std::uint32_t delay_ms) override;
+    void          cancelTimerSignal() override;
+
+private:
+    EventGroupHandle_t group;
+    TimerHandle_t      timer;
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::backend::esp

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/i2c_global.hpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ private:
             .scl_io_num        = I2C_SCL,
             .clk_source        = I2C_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT,
             .glitch_ignore_cnt = 7,
+            .intr_priority     = 2,
             .flags             = {.enable_internal_pullup = true, .allow_pd = true},
     };
     i2c_master_bus_handle_t _bus_handle;

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp/power_helper.hpp

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Created by Stepan Usatiuk on 03.03.2025.
-//
-
-#ifndef POWER_HELPER_HPP
-#define POWER_HELPER_HPP
-
-#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
-#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
-
-class PowerHelper {
-public:
-    static PowerHelper& get();
-
-    bool       is_slow() const;
-    void       set_slow(bool slow);
-    BaseType_t reset_slow_isr(BaseType_t* xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
-    void       delay(int slow_ms, int normal_ms);
-
-    void install_isr();
-
-private:
-    PowerHelper();
-
-    bool               _slow = false;
-    EventGroupHandle_t _event_group;
-};
-
-
-#endif // POWER_HELPER_HPP

Firmware/components/backend-esp/include/cardboy/backend/esp_backend.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cardboy/sdk/display_spec.hpp>
+#include "cardboy/backend/esp/display.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
 
@@ -14,9 +17,12 @@ class EspFramebuffer final : public cardboy::sdk::FramebufferFacade<EspFramebuff
 public:
     EspFramebuffer() = default;
 
-    [[nodiscard]] int  width_impl() const;
-    [[nodiscard]] int  height_impl() const;
-    void               drawPixel_impl(int x, int y, bool on);
+    [[nodiscard]] int                   width_impl() const { return cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth; }
+    [[nodiscard]] int                   height_impl() const { return cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight; }
+    void __attribute__((always_inline)) drawPixel_impl(int x, int y, bool on) { SMD::set_pixel(x, y, on); }
+    void __attribute__((always_inline)) drawBits8_impl(int x, int y, std::uint8_t bits) {
+        SMD::set_pixel_8(x, y, bits);
+    }
     void               clear_impl(bool on);
     void               frameReady_impl();
     void               sendFrame_impl(bool clearAfterSend);
@@ -53,16 +59,17 @@ private:
     class StorageService;
     class RandomService;
     class HighResClockService;
-    class PowerService;
     class FilesystemService;
+    class LoopHooksService;
 
     std::unique_ptr<BuzzerService>       buzzerService;
     std::unique_ptr<BatteryService>      batteryService;
     std::unique_ptr<StorageService>      storageService;
     std::unique_ptr<RandomService>       randomService;
     std::unique_ptr<HighResClockService> highResClockService;
-    std::unique_ptr<PowerService>        powerService;
     std::unique_ptr<FilesystemService>   filesystemService;
+    std::unique_ptr<EventBus>            eventBus;
+    std::unique_ptr<LoopHooksService>    loopHooksService;
 
     cardboy::sdk::Services services{};
 };

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/bat_mon.cpp

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/bat_mon.hpp"
 
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/power_helper.hpp"
-
 #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
 #include "freertos/task.h"
 
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ void BatMon::pooler() {
         _charge  = capToMah(ReadRegister(0x05));
         _current = regToCurrent(ReadRegister(0x0B));
         _voltage = regToVoltage(ReadRegister(0x09));
-        PowerHelper::get().delay(10000, 1000);
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10000));
         if (_voltage < 3.0f) {
             Shutdowner::get().shutdown();
         }

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/buttons.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
 #include <esp_err.h>
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/power_helper.hpp"
 #include <rom/ets_sys.h>
 
 #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/config.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/i2c_global.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
 
 static i2c_master_dev_handle_t    dev_handle;
 static inline i2c_device_config_t dev_cfg = {
@@ -37,12 +37,10 @@ static void wakeup(void* arg) {
         ESP_ERROR_CHECK(gpio_wakeup_enable(EXP_INT, GPIO_INTR_HIGH_LEVEL));
         is_on_low = false;
 
-        BaseType_t xResult                  = pdFAIL;
         BaseType_t xHigherPriorityTaskWoken = pdFALSE;
 
         xTaskNotifyFromISR(Buttons::get()._pooler_task, 0, eNoAction, &xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
 
-        PowerHelper::get().reset_slow_isr(&xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
         portYIELD_FROM_ISR(xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
     } else {
         ESP_ERROR_CHECK(gpio_set_intr_type(EXP_INT, GPIO_INTR_LOW_LEVEL));
@@ -92,9 +90,13 @@ void Buttons::pooler() {
                 i2c_master_transmit_receive(dev_handle, &reg, sizeof(reg), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&buffer), 1, -1));
         if (_listener)
             xTaskNotifyGive(_listener);
+        if (_eventBus)
+            _eventBus->signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Input));
     }
 }
 uint8_t Buttons::get_pressed() { return _current; }
 void    Buttons::install_isr() { gpio_isr_handler_add(EXP_INT, wakeup, nullptr); }
 
 void Buttons::register_listener(TaskHandle_t task) { _listener = task; }
+
+void Buttons::setEventBus(cardboy::sdk::IEventBus* bus) { _eventBus = bus; }

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/buzzer.cpp

@@ -5,30 +5,18 @@
 #include <driver/ledc.h>
 #include <esp_err.h>
 #include <esp_timer.h>
-#include <nvs_flash.h>
-#include <nvs.h>
 
-static constexpr ledc_mode_t    LEDC_MODE   = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE; // low speed is fine
-static constexpr ledc_timer_t   LEDC_TIMER  = LEDC_TIMER_0;
-static constexpr ledc_channel_t LEDC_CH     = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
-static constexpr ledc_timer_bit_t LEDC_BITS = LEDC_TIMER_10_BIT;
+static constexpr ledc_mode_t      LEDC_MODE  = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE; // low speed is fine
+static constexpr ledc_timer_t     LEDC_TIMER = LEDC_TIMER_0;
+static constexpr ledc_channel_t   LEDC_CH    = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
+static constexpr ledc_timer_bit_t LEDC_BITS  = LEDC_TIMER_10_BIT;
 
-Buzzer &Buzzer::get() {
+Buzzer& Buzzer::get() {
     static Buzzer b;
     return b;
 }
 
 void Buzzer::init() {
-    // Initialize NVS once (safe if already done)
-    static bool nvsInited = false;
-    if (!nvsInited) {
-        esp_err_t err = nvs_flash_init();
-        if (err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
-            nvs_flash_erase();
-            nvs_flash_init();
-        }
-        nvsInited = true;
-    }
     ledc_timer_config_t tcfg{};
     tcfg.speed_mode      = LEDC_MODE;
     tcfg.timer_num       = LEDC_TIMER;
@@ -52,7 +40,6 @@ void Buzzer::init() {
     args.arg      = this;
     args.name     = "buzz";
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_timer_create(&args, reinterpret_cast<esp_timer_handle_t*>(&_timer)));
-    loadState();
 }
 
 void Buzzer::applyFreq(uint32_t freq) {
@@ -65,7 +52,7 @@ void Buzzer::applyFreq(uint32_t freq) {
     ledc_update_duty(LEDC_MODE, LEDC_CH);
 }
 
-void Buzzer::enqueue(const Step &s) {
+void Buzzer::enqueue(const Step& s) {
     int nextTail = (_q_tail + 1) % MAX_QUEUE;
     if (nextTail == _q_head) { // full, drop oldest
         _q_head = (_q_head + 1) % MAX_QUEUE;
@@ -87,21 +74,23 @@ void Buzzer::startNext() {
     }
     _running = true;
     _in_gap  = false;
-    Step &s  = front();
+    Step& s  = front();
     applyFreq(s.freq);
     schedule(s.dur_ms, false);
 }
 
 void Buzzer::schedule(uint32_t ms, bool gapPhase) {
-    if (!_timer) return;
+    if (!_timer)
+        return;
     _in_gap = gapPhase;
     esp_timer_stop(reinterpret_cast<esp_timer_handle_t>(_timer));
-    esp_timer_start_once(reinterpret_cast<esp_timer_handle_t>(_timer), (uint64_t)ms * 1000ULL);
+    esp_timer_start_once(reinterpret_cast<esp_timer_handle_t>(_timer), (uint64_t) ms * 1000ULL);
 }
 
-void Buzzer::timerCb(void *arg) {
-    auto *self = static_cast<Buzzer*>(arg);
-    if (!self) return;
+void Buzzer::timerCb(void* arg) {
+    auto* self = static_cast<Buzzer*>(arg);
+    if (!self)
+        return;
     if (self->_in_gap) {
         self->popFront();
         self->startNext();
@@ -109,7 +98,7 @@ void Buzzer::timerCb(void *arg) {
     }
     // Tone finished
     if (!self->empty()) {
-        auto &s = self->front();
+        auto& s = self->front();
         if (s.gap_ms) {
             self->applyFreq(0);
             self->schedule(s.gap_ms, true);
@@ -121,7 +110,8 @@ void Buzzer::timerCb(void *arg) {
 }
 
 void Buzzer::tone(uint32_t freq, uint32_t duration_ms, uint32_t gap_ms) {
-    if (_muted) return; // ignore while muted
+    if (_muted)
+        return; // ignore while muted
     Step s{freq, duration_ms, gap_ms};
     enqueue(s);
     if (!_running)
@@ -149,7 +139,8 @@ void Buzzer::beepGameOver() {
 }
 
 void Buzzer::setMuted(bool m) {
-    if (m == _muted) return;
+    if (m == _muted)
+        return;
     _muted = m;
     if (_muted) {
         clearQueue();
@@ -164,28 +155,6 @@ void Buzzer::setMuted(bool m) {
         tone(1500, 40, 10);
         tone(1900, 60, 0);
     }
-    saveState();
 }
 
 void Buzzer::toggleMuted() { setMuted(!_muted); }
-
-void Buzzer::loadState() {
-    nvs_handle_t h;
-    if (nvs_open("cfg", NVS_READONLY, &h) == ESP_OK) {
-        uint8_t v = 0;
-        if (nvs_get_u8(h, "mute", &v) == ESP_OK) {
-            _muted = (v != 0);
-        }
-        nvs_close(h);
-    }
-    if (_muted) applyFreq(0);
-}
-
-void Buzzer::saveState() {
-    nvs_handle_t h;
-    if (nvs_open("cfg", NVS_READWRITE, &h) == ESP_OK) {
-        nvs_set_u8(h, "mute", _muted ? 1 : 0);
-        nvs_commit(h);
-        nvs_close(h);
-    }
-}

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/esp_backend.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/display.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/fs_helper.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/i2c_global.hpp"
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/power_helper.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/shutdowner.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/esp/spi_global.hpp"
 
@@ -58,14 +57,14 @@ public:
     void beepLevelUp(int level) override { Buzzer::get().beepLevelUp(level); }
     void beepGameOver() override { Buzzer::get().beepGameOver(); }
 
-    void setMuted(bool muted) override { Buzzer::get().setMuted(muted); }
-    void toggleMuted() override { Buzzer::get().toggleMuted(); }
+    void               setMuted(bool muted) override { Buzzer::get().setMuted(muted); }
+    void               toggleMuted() override { Buzzer::get().toggleMuted(); }
     [[nodiscard]] bool isMuted() const override { return Buzzer::get().isMuted(); }
 };
 
 class EspRuntime::BatteryService final : public cardboy::sdk::IBatteryMonitor {
 public:
-    [[nodiscard]] bool hasData() const override { return true; }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool  hasData() const override { return true; }
     [[nodiscard]] float voltage() const override { return BatMon::get().get_voltage(); }
     [[nodiscard]] float charge() const override { return BatMon::get().get_charge(); }
     [[nodiscard]] float current() const override { return BatMon::get().get_current(); }
@@ -112,22 +111,21 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] std::uint64_t micros() override { return static_cast<std::uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time()); }
 };
 
-class EspRuntime::PowerService final : public cardboy::sdk::IPowerManager {
-public:
-    void setSlowMode(bool enable) override { PowerHelper::get().set_slow(enable); }
-    [[nodiscard]] bool isSlowMode() const override { return PowerHelper::get().is_slow(); }
-};
-
 class EspRuntime::FilesystemService final : public cardboy::sdk::IFilesystem {
 public:
-    bool mount() override { return FsHelper::get().mount() == ESP_OK; }
-    [[nodiscard]] bool isMounted() const override { return FsHelper::get().isMounted(); }
+    bool                      mount() override { return FsHelper::get().mount() == ESP_OK; }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool        isMounted() const override { return FsHelper::get().isMounted(); }
     [[nodiscard]] std::string basePath() const override {
         const char* path = FsHelper::get().basePath();
         return path ? std::string(path) : std::string{};
     }
 };
 
+class EspRuntime::LoopHooksService final : public cardboy::sdk::ILoopHooks {
+public:
+    void onLoopIteration() override { vTaskDelay(1); }
+};
+
 EspRuntime::EspRuntime() : framebuffer(), input(), clock() {
     initializeHardware();
 
@@ -136,16 +134,20 @@ EspRuntime::EspRuntime() : framebuffer(), input(), clock() {
     storageService      = std::make_unique<StorageService>();
     randomService       = std::make_unique<RandomService>();
     highResClockService = std::make_unique<HighResClockService>();
-    powerService        = std::make_unique<PowerService>();
     filesystemService   = std::make_unique<FilesystemService>();
+    eventBus            = std::make_unique<EventBus>();
+    loopHooksService    = std::make_unique<LoopHooksService>();
 
     services.buzzer       = buzzerService.get();
     services.battery      = batteryService.get();
     services.storage      = storageService.get();
     services.random       = randomService.get();
     services.highResClock = highResClockService.get();
-    services.powerManager = powerService.get();
     services.filesystem   = filesystemService.get();
+    services.eventBus     = eventBus.get();
+    services.loopHooks    = loopHooksService.get();
+
+    Buttons::get().setEventBus(eventBus.get());
 }
 
 EspRuntime::~EspRuntime() = default;
@@ -160,7 +162,6 @@ void EspRuntime::initializeHardware() {
 
     ensureNvsInit();
 
-    PowerHelper::get();
     Shutdowner::get();
     Buttons::get();
 
@@ -170,7 +171,6 @@ void EspRuntime::initializeHardware() {
     }
 
     Shutdowner::get().install_isr();
-    PowerHelper::get().install_isr();
     Buttons::get().install_isr();
 
     I2cGlobal::get();
@@ -182,16 +182,6 @@ void EspRuntime::initializeHardware() {
     FsHelper::get().mount();
 }
 
-int EspFramebuffer::width_impl() const { return cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth; }
-
-int EspFramebuffer::height_impl() const { return cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight; }
-
-void EspFramebuffer::drawPixel_impl(int x, int y, bool on) {
-    if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= width_impl() || y >= height_impl())
-        return;
-    SMD::set_pixel(x, y, on);
-}
-
 void EspFramebuffer::clear_impl(bool on) {
     for (int y = 0; y < height_impl(); ++y)
         for (int x = 0; x < width_impl(); ++x)
@@ -234,7 +224,7 @@ std::uint32_t EspClock::millis_impl() {
 void EspClock::sleep_ms_impl(std::uint32_t ms) {
     if (ms == 0)
         return;
-    PowerHelper::get().delay(static_cast<int>(ms), static_cast<int>(ms));
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(ms));
 }
 
 } // namespace cardboy::backend::esp

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/event_bus.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "cardboy/backend/esp/event_bus.hpp"
+
+#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
+
+#include "freertos/portmacro.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace cardboy::backend::esp {
+
+namespace {
+[[nodiscard]] TickType_t toTicks(std::uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+    if (timeout_ms == cardboy::sdk::IEventBus::kWaitForever)
+        return portMAX_DELAY;
+    return pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+static void timerCallback(TimerHandle_t handle) {
+    auto* bus = static_cast<EventBus*>(pvTimerGetTimerID(handle));
+    if (bus)
+        bus->signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
+}
+
+EventBus::EventBus() :
+    group(xEventGroupCreate()), timer(xTimerCreate("EventBusTimer", pdMS_TO_TICKS(1), pdFALSE, this, timerCallback)) {}
+
+EventBus::~EventBus() {
+    if (timer)
+        xTimerDelete(timer, portMAX_DELAY);
+    if (group)
+        vEventGroupDelete(group);
+}
+
+void EventBus::signal(std::uint32_t bits) {
+    if (!group || bits == 0)
+        return;
+    xEventGroupSetBits(group, bits);
+}
+
+void EventBus::signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) {
+    if (!group || bits == 0)
+        return;
+    BaseType_t higherPriorityTaskWoken = pdFALSE;
+    xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR(group, bits, &higherPriorityTaskWoken);
+    if (higherPriorityTaskWoken == pdTRUE)
+        portYIELD_FROM_ISR(higherPriorityTaskWoken);
+}
+
+std::uint32_t EventBus::wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+    if (!group || mask == 0)
+        return 0;
+    const EventBits_t bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(group, mask, pdTRUE, pdFALSE, toTicks(timeout_ms));
+    return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(bits & mask);
+}
+
+void EventBus::scheduleTimerSignal(std::uint32_t delay_ms) {
+    if (!timer)
+        return;
+    xTimerStop(timer, 0);
+
+    if (delay_ms == cardboy::sdk::IEventBus::kWaitForever)
+        return;
+
+    if (delay_ms == 0) {
+        signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const TickType_t ticks = std::max<TickType_t>(pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms), 1);
+    if (xTimerChangePeriod(timer, ticks, 0) == pdPASS)
+        xTimerStart(timer, 0);
+}
+
+void EventBus::cancelTimerSignal() {
+    if (!timer)
+        return;
+    xTimerStop(timer, 0);
+}
+
+} // namespace cardboy::backend::esp

Firmware/components/backend-esp/src/power_helper.cpp

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Created by Stepan Usatiuk on 03.03.2025.
-//
-
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp/power_helper.hpp"
-
-#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
-#include "freertos/task.h"
-
-PowerHelper& PowerHelper::get() {
-    static PowerHelper powerHelper;
-    return powerHelper;
-}
-bool PowerHelper::is_slow() const { return _slow; }
-void PowerHelper::set_slow(bool slow) {
-    _slow = slow;
-    if (_slow) {
-        xEventGroupClearBits(_event_group, 1);
-    } else {
-        xEventGroupSetBits(_event_group, 1);
-    }
-}
-
-BaseType_t PowerHelper::reset_slow_isr(BaseType_t* xHigherPriorityTaskWoken) {
-    _slow = false;
-    return xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR(_event_group, 1, xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
-}
-
-static void wakeup(void* arg) {
-    BaseType_t xHigherPriorityTaskWoken, xResult;
-
-    xHigherPriorityTaskWoken = pdFALSE;
-    xResult                  = static_cast<PowerHelper*>(arg)->reset_slow_isr(&xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
-    if (xResult != pdFAIL) {
-        portYIELD_FROM_ISR(xHigherPriorityTaskWoken);
-    };
-}
-
-PowerHelper::PowerHelper() : _event_group(xEventGroupCreate()) { set_slow(false); }
-
-void PowerHelper::delay(int slow_ms, int normal_ms) {
-    if (is_slow()) {
-        auto       cur_ticks      = xTaskGetTickCount();
-        TickType_t to_wait        = slow_ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
-        TickType_t to_wait_normal = normal_ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
-        auto       expected_ticks = cur_ticks + to_wait_normal;
-        xEventGroupWaitBits(_event_group, 1, pdFALSE, pdTRUE, to_wait);
-        auto realTicks = xTaskGetTickCount();
-        if (realTicks < expected_ticks) {
-            vTaskDelay(expected_ticks - realTicks);
-        }
-    } else {
-        vTaskDelay(normal_ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
-    }
-}
-void PowerHelper::install_isr() {
-    // gpio_isr_handler_add(EXP_INT, wakeup, this);
-}

Firmware/ghettoprof.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# parallel-pc-profile.sh — parallel symbol resolver + optional annotated disassembly
+# Supports C++ demangling, LLVM disassembler, and optional no-inlines aggregation (symbol-table based).
+#
+# Usage:
+#   ./parallel-pc-profile.sh [-j jobs] [--annotate] [--no-inlines] firmware.elf pcs.txt
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 [-j jobs] [--annotate] [--no-inlines] firmware.elf pcs.txt"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+ANNOTATE=0
+JOBS=""
+NO_INLINES=0
+
+# ---- args ----
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    -j) JOBS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --annotate) ANNOTATE=1; shift ;;
+    --no-inlines) NO_INLINES=1; shift ;;
+    -h|--help) usage ;;
+    *) break ;;
+  esac
+done
+[[ $# -lt 2 ]] && usage
+ELF="$1"
+PCS_IN="$2"
+
+[[ ! -f "$ELF" ]] && { echo "ELF not found: $ELF" >&2; exit 2; }
+[[ ! -f "$PCS_IN" ]] && { echo "PC log not found: $PCS_IN" >&2; exit 3; }
+
+# ---- tools ----
+ADDR2LINE=""
+for t in llvm-addr2line eu-addr2line riscv32-esp-elf-addr2line xtensa-esp32-elf-addr2line addr2line; do
+  if command -v "$t" >/dev/null 2>&1; then ADDR2LINE="$t"; break; fi
+done
+[[ -z "$ADDR2LINE" ]] && { echo "No addr2line found"; exit 4; }
+
+if command -v llvm-objdump >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  OBJDUMP="llvm-objdump"
+else
+  for t in riscv32-esp-elf-objdump xtensa-esp32-elf-objdump objdump; do
+    if command -v "$t" >/dev/null 2>&1; then OBJDUMP="$t"; break; fi
+  done
+fi
+[[ -z "${OBJDUMP:-}" ]] && { echo "No objdump found"; exit 5; }
+
+if command -v llvm-nm >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  NM="llvm-nm"
+elif command -v nm >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  NM="nm"
+else
+  NM=""
+fi
+
+if command -v c++filt >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  CPPFILT="c++filt"
+elif command -v llvm-cxxfilt >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  CPPFILT="llvm-cxxfilt"
+else
+  CPPFILT=""
+fi
+
+# ---- cores ----
+if [[ -z "$JOBS" ]]; then
+  if command -v nproc >/dev/null 2>&1; then JOBS=$(nproc)
+  elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then JOBS=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 4)
+  else JOBS=$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN 2>/dev/null || echo 4)
+  fi
+fi
+(( JOBS = JOBS > 1 ? JOBS - 1 : 1 ))
+echo ">> Using $JOBS parallel jobs"
+
+TMP=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$TMP"' EXIT
+
+# ---- extract PCs ----
+grep -aoE '0x[0-9a-fA-F]+' "$PCS_IN" | tr 'A-F' 'a-f' | sort | uniq -c >"$TMP/pc_counts.txt" || true
+awk '{print $2}' "$TMP/pc_counts.txt" >"$TMP/addrs.txt"
+[[ ! -s "$TMP/addrs.txt" ]] && { echo "No addresses found"; exit 5; }
+
+# ---- parallel addr2line (live PC -> function to stderr) ----
+CHUNK=400
+split -l "$CHUNK" "$TMP/addrs.txt" "$TMP/chunk."
+
+find "$TMP" -name 'chunk.*' -type f -print0 \
+| xargs -0 -I{} -n1 -P "$JOBS" bash -c '
+  set -euo pipefail
+  ADDR2LINE="$1"; ELF="$2"; CHUNK="$3"; CPP="$4"
+  OUT="${CHUNK}.sym"
+  "$ADDR2LINE" -a -f -e "$ELF" $(cat "$CHUNK") \
+    | tee "$OUT" \
+    | awk '"'"'NR%3==1{a=$0;next} NR%3==2{f=$0; printf "%s\t%s\n",a,f; next} NR%3==0{next}'"'"' \
+    | { if [[ -n "$CPP" ]]; then "$CPP"; else cat; fi; } 1>&2
+' _ "$ADDR2LINE" "$ELF" {} "$CPPFILT"
+
+# Collate triplets
+cat "$TMP"/chunk.*.sym > "$TMP/symbols.raw"
+
+# ---- parse 3-line addr/func/file:line ----
+# Normalize leading zeros in addresses so joins match grep-extracted PCs
+awk 'NR%3==1{a=$0; sub(/^0x0+/, "0x", a); next} NR%3==2{f=$0; next} NR%3==0{print a "\t" f "\t" $0}' \
+  "$TMP/symbols.raw" >"$TMP/map.tsv"
+
+# ---- counts: addr -> samplecount ----
+awk '{printf "%s\t%s\n",$2,$1}' "$TMP/pc_counts.txt" | sort -k1,1 >"$TMP/counts.tsv"
+
+# ---- choose mapping: default (addr2line; may show inlined names) vs --no-inlines (symbol-table) ----
+DEFAULT_ADDR_FUNC="$TMP/addr_func.tsv"
+cut -f1,2 "$TMP/map.tsv" | sort -k1,1 >"$DEFAULT_ADDR_FUNC"
+
+if [[ "$NO_INLINES" == "1" ]]; then
+  if [[ -z "$NM" ]]; then
+    echo "WARNING: nm/llvm-nm not found; falling back to inline-aware mapping." >&2
+    ADDR_FUNC_FILE="$DEFAULT_ADDR_FUNC"
+  else
+    echo ">> Building symbol table for no-inlines mapping..."
+    # Create sorted function symbols: hexaddr\tname (demangled if possible afterwards)
+    # Try llvm-nm format first; fall back to generic nm.
+    if [[ "$NM" == "llvm-nm" ]]; then
+      # llvm-nm -n --defined-only emits: ADDRESS TYPE NAME
+      "$NM" -n --defined-only "$ELF" \
+        | awk '/ [Tt] /{print $1 "\t" $3}' > "$TMP/syms.raw"
+    else
+      # generic nm -n emits: ADDRESS TYPE NAME (varies a bit across platforms)
+      "$NM" -n --defined-only "$ELF" 2>/dev/null \
+        | awk '/ [Tt] /{print $1 "\t" $3}' > "$TMP/syms.raw" || true
+      # macOS nm might output different columns; handle common alt layout:
+      if [[ ! -s "$TMP/syms.raw" ]]; then
+        "$NM" -n "$ELF" 2>/dev/null | awk '/ [Tt] /{print $1 "\t" $3}' > "$TMP/syms.raw" || true
+      fi
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -n "$CPPFILT" && -s "$TMP/syms.raw" ]]; then
+      "$CPPFILT" < "$TMP/syms.raw" > "$TMP/syms.dem.raw" || cp "$TMP/syms.raw" "$TMP/syms.dem.raw"
+    else
+      cp "$TMP/syms.raw" "$TMP/syms.dem.raw"
+    fi
+
+    # Normalize addresses and sort ascending
+    awk '{addr=$1; sub(/^0x0+/, "0x", addr); print addr "\t" $2}' "$TMP/syms.dem.raw" \
+      | awk 'NF' \
+      | sort -k1,1 > "$TMP/syms.tsv"
+
+    if [[ ! -s "$TMP/syms.tsv" ]]; then
+      echo "WARNING: no text symbols found; falling back to inline-aware mapping." >&2
+      ADDR_FUNC_FILE="$DEFAULT_ADDR_FUNC"
+    else
+      # Map each PC to the *containing* function: last symbol with addr <= PC.
+      # Both syms.tsv and addrs.txt are sorted asc → single pass merge.
+      awk '
+        function hex2num(h,  x, n,i,c) {
+          gsub(/^0x/,"",h); n=0
+          for(i=1;i<=length(h);i++){ c=substr(h,i,1)
+            x = index("0123456789abcdef", tolower(c)) - 1
+            if (x<0) x = index("0123456789ABCDEF", c) - 1
+            n = n*16 + x
+          }
+          return n
+        }
+        BEGIN {
+          # preload symbols
+          while ((getline < ARGV[1]) > 0) {
+            saddr[NSYM]=$1; sname[NSYM]=$2; NSYM++
+          }
+          # load PCs
+          while ((getline < ARGV[2]) > 0) {
+            pc[NPC]=$0; NPC++
+          }
+          # pointers
+          si=0
+          for (i=0; i<NPC; i++) {
+            p=pc[i]; pn=hex2num(p)
+            # advance symbol index while next symbol start <= pc
+            while (si+1<NSYM && hex2num(saddr[si+1]) <= pn) si++
+            # output mapping: p -> sname[si] (if any)
+            if (si<NSYM && hex2num(saddr[si]) <= pn)
+              printf "%s\t%s\n", p, sname[si]
+            else
+              printf "%s\t<unknown>\n", p
+          }
+          exit 0
+        }
+      ' "$TMP/syms.tsv" "$TMP/addrs.txt" \
+      | sort -k1,1 > "$TMP/addr_func.noinline.tsv"
+
+      ADDR_FUNC_FILE="$TMP/addr_func.noinline.tsv"
+    fi
+  fi
+else
+  ADDR_FUNC_FILE="$DEFAULT_ADDR_FUNC"
+fi
+
+# ---- aggregate to hot functions ----
+join -t $'\t' -a1 -e "<unknown>" -o 1.2,2.2 "$TMP/counts.tsv" "$ADDR_FUNC_FILE" \
+| awk -F'\t' '{s[$2]+=$1} END{for(k in s) printf "%8d  %s\n",s[k],k}' \
+| sort -nr > "$TMP/hot.txt"
+
+# ---- demangle final hot list (if available) ----
+if [[ -n "$CPPFILT" ]]; then
+  "$CPPFILT" < "$TMP/hot.txt" > hot_functions.txt
+else
+  cp "$TMP/hot.txt" hot_functions.txt
+fi
+
+echo "=== Top 50 hot functions ==="
+head -50 hot_functions.txt
+echo "Full list in: hot_functions.txt"
+
+# ---- annotated source+assembly (optional) ----
+if (( ANNOTATE )); then
+  echo ">> Generating annotated source+assembly..."
+  awk '{printf "%s %s\n",$2,$1}' "$TMP/pc_counts.txt" >"$TMP/count.map"
+
+  if [[ "$OBJDUMP" == "llvm-objdump" ]]; then
+    # Portable across llvm-objdump versions
+    "$OBJDUMP" --source -l --demangle -d "$ELF" >"$TMP/disasm.txt"
+  else
+    "$OBJDUMP" -S -C -l -d "$ELF" >"$TMP/disasm.txt"
+  fi
+
+  # Overlay hit counts onto the disassembly
+  awk -v counts="$TMP/count.map" '
+    BEGIN {
+      while ((getline < counts) > 0) {
+        addr=$1; cnt=$2
+        gsub(/^0x/,"",addr)
+        map[addr]=cnt
+      }
+    }
+    /^[[:space:]]*[0-9a-f]+:/ {
+      split($1,a,":"); key=a[1]
+      if (key in map)
+        printf("%-12s %6d | %s\n", $1, map[key], substr($0, index($0,$2)))
+      else
+        print $0
+      next
+    }
+    { print }
+  ' "$TMP/disasm.txt" > annotated.S
+
+  echo "Annotated source + assembly written to: annotated.S"
+  echo "Tip: less -R annotated.S"
+fi

Firmware/main/src/app_main.cpp

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 // Cardboy firmware entry point: boot platform services and run the modular app system.
 
-#include "cardboy/backend/esp_backend.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/clock_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/gameboy_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/menu_app.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/apps/settings_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/tetris_app.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/backend/esp_backend.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/persistent_settings.hpp"
 
-#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
-#include "freertos/task.h"
 #include "esp_err.h"
 #include "esp_pm.h"
 #include "esp_sleep.h"
+#include "esp_system.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
 #include "sdkconfig.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -19,9 +22,9 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace {
@@ -53,11 +56,11 @@ constexpr apps::EmbeddedRomDescriptor kEmbeddedRoms[] = {
 #if CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS && CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TRACE_FACILITY
 namespace {
 
-constexpr TickType_t kStatsTaskDelayTicks = pdMS_TO_TICKS(5000);
-constexpr TickType_t kStatsWarmupDelay    = pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000);
-constexpr UBaseType_t kStatsTaskPriority  = tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1;
-constexpr uint32_t    kStatsTaskStack     = 4096;
-constexpr char        kStatsTaskName[]    = "TaskStats";
+constexpr TickType_t  kStatsTaskDelayTicks = pdMS_TO_TICKS(5000);
+constexpr TickType_t  kStatsWarmupDelay    = pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000);
+constexpr UBaseType_t kStatsTaskPriority   = tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1;
+constexpr uint32_t    kStatsTaskStack      = 4096;
+constexpr char        kStatsTaskName[]     = "TaskStats";
 
 struct TaskRuntimeSample {
     TaskHandle_t handle;
@@ -65,11 +68,11 @@ struct TaskRuntimeSample {
 };
 
 struct TaskUsageRow {
-    std::string  name;
-    uint64_t     delta;
-    UBaseType_t  priority;
-    uint32_t     stackHighWaterBytes;
-    bool         isIdle;
+    std::string name;
+    uint64_t    delta;
+    UBaseType_t priority;
+    uint32_t    stackHighWaterBytes;
+    bool        isIdle;
 };
 
 [[nodiscard]] uint64_t deltaWithWrap(uint32_t current, uint32_t previous) {
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ struct TaskUsageRow {
 }
 
 void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
-    static constexpr char tag[] = "TaskUsage";
+    static constexpr char          tag[] = "TaskUsage";
     std::vector<TaskRuntimeSample> lastSamples;
     uint32_t                       lastTotal = 0;
 
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
 
         std::vector<TaskStatus_t> statusBuffer(taskCount);
         uint32_t                  totalRuntime = 0;
-        const UBaseType_t         captured     = uxTaskGetSystemState(statusBuffer.data(), statusBuffer.size(), &totalRuntime);
+        const UBaseType_t captured = uxTaskGetSystemState(statusBuffer.data(), statusBuffer.size(), &totalRuntime);
         if (captured == 0)
             continue;
         statusBuffer.resize(captured);
@@ -118,8 +121,8 @@ void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
         std::vector<TaskUsageRow> rows;
         rows.reserve(statusBuffer.size());
 
-        uint64_t idleDelta    = 0;
-        uint64_t activeDelta  = 0;
+        uint64_t idleDelta      = 0;
+        uint64_t activeDelta    = 0;
         uint64_t accountedDelta = 0;
 
         for (const auto& status: statusBuffer) {
@@ -128,18 +131,18 @@ void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
             });
 
             const uint32_t previousRuntime = (it != lastSamples.end()) ? it->runtime : status.ulRunTimeCounter;
-            const uint64_t taskDelta       = (it != lastSamples.end()) ? deltaWithWrap(status.ulRunTimeCounter, previousRuntime) : 0ULL;
+            const uint64_t taskDelta =
+                    (it != lastSamples.end()) ? deltaWithWrap(status.ulRunTimeCounter, previousRuntime) : 0ULL;
 
             currentSamples.push_back({status.xHandle, status.ulRunTimeCounter});
 
-            TaskUsageRow row{
-                    .name                 = std::string(status.pcTaskName ? status.pcTaskName : ""),
-                    .delta                = taskDelta,
-                    .priority             = status.uxCurrentPriority,
-                    .stackHighWaterBytes  = static_cast<uint32_t>(status.usStackHighWaterMark) * sizeof(StackType_t),
-                    .isIdle               = status.uxCurrentPriority == tskIDLE_PRIORITY ||
-                                            (status.pcTaskName && std::strncmp(status.pcTaskName, "IDLE", 4) == 0)
-            };
+            TaskUsageRow row{.name     = std::string(status.pcTaskName ? status.pcTaskName : ""),
+                             .delta    = taskDelta,
+                             .priority = status.uxCurrentPriority,
+                             .stackHighWaterBytes =
+                                     static_cast<uint32_t>(status.usStackHighWaterMark) * sizeof(StackType_t),
+                             .isIdle = status.uxCurrentPriority == tskIDLE_PRIORITY ||
+                                       (status.pcTaskName && std::strncmp(status.pcTaskName, "IDLE", 4) == 0)};
 
             rows.push_back(std::move(row));
 
@@ -156,9 +159,8 @@ void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
         if (rows.empty())
             continue;
 
-        std::sort(rows.begin(), rows.end(), [](const TaskUsageRow& a, const TaskUsageRow& b) {
-            return a.delta > b.delta;
-        });
+        std::sort(rows.begin(), rows.end(),
+                  [](const TaskUsageRow& a, const TaskUsageRow& b) { return a.delta > b.delta; });
 
         const double windowMs = static_cast<double>(totalDelta) / 1000.0;
 
@@ -181,14 +183,20 @@ void task_usage_monitor(void*) {
             std::printf("  %-16s %6.2f%%  (ISRs / scheduler)\n", "<isr>", residualPct);
         }
 
-        std::printf("[%s] Active %.2f%% | Idle %.2f%%\n", tag,
-                    (activeDelta * 100.0) / static_cast<double>(totalDelta), idlePct);
+        std::printf("[%s] Active %.2f%% | Idle %.2f%%\n", tag, (activeDelta * 100.0) / static_cast<double>(totalDelta),
+                    idlePct);
+
+        const uint32_t heapFree    = esp_get_free_heap_size();
+        const uint32_t heapMinimum = esp_get_minimum_free_heap_size();
+        std::printf("[%s] Heap free %lu B | Min free %lu B\n", tag, static_cast<unsigned long>(heapFree),
+                    static_cast<unsigned long>(heapMinimum));
         std::fflush(stdout);
     }
 }
 
 void start_task_usage_monitor() {
-    xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(task_usage_monitor, kStatsTaskName, kStatsTaskStack, nullptr, kStatsTaskPriority, nullptr, 0);
+    xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(task_usage_monitor, kStatsTaskName, kStatsTaskStack, nullptr, kStatsTaskPriority, nullptr,
+                            0);
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -197,15 +205,6 @@ inline void start_task_usage_monitor() {}
 #endif
 
 extern "C" void app_main() {
-#ifdef CONFIG_PM_ENABLE
-    // const esp_pm_config_t pm_config = {
-    //         .max_freq_mhz       = CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ,
-    //         .min_freq_mhz       = 16,
-    //         .light_sleep_enable = true};
-    // ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_pm_configure(&pm_config));
-    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup());
-#endif
-
     apps::setGameboyEmbeddedRoms(std::span<const apps::EmbeddedRomDescriptor>(kEmbeddedRoms));
 
     static cardboy::backend::esp::EspRuntime runtime;
@@ -215,12 +214,30 @@ extern "C" void app_main() {
     cardboy::sdk::AppSystem system(context);
     context.system = &system;
 
+    const cardboy::sdk::PersistentSettings persistentSettings =
+            cardboy::sdk::loadPersistentSettings(context.getServices());
+    if (auto* buzzer = context.buzzer())
+        buzzer->setMuted(persistentSettings.mute);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_ENABLE
+    if (persistentSettings.autoLightSleep) {
+        const esp_pm_config_t pm_config = {
+                .max_freq_mhz       = CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ,
+                .min_freq_mhz       = 16,
+                .light_sleep_enable = true,
+        };
+        ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_pm_configure(&pm_config));
+    }
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup());
+#endif
+
     system.registerApp(apps::createMenuAppFactory());
+    system.registerApp(apps::createSettingsAppFactory());
     system.registerApp(apps::createClockAppFactory());
     system.registerApp(apps::createTetrisAppFactory());
     system.registerApp(apps::createGameboyAppFactory());
 
-    start_task_usage_monitor();
+    // start_task_usage_monitor();
 
     system.run();
 }

Firmware/sdk/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED YES)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS NO)
 
+add_subdirectory(utils)
+
 add_subdirectory(backend_interface)
 
 set(CARDBOY_SDK_BACKEND_LIBRARY "" CACHE STRING "Backend implementation library for Cardboy SDK")

Firmware/sdk/apps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -14,5 +14,6 @@ target_compile_features(cardboy_apps PUBLIC cxx_std_20)
 
 add_subdirectory(menu)
 add_subdirectory(clock)
+add_subdirectory(settings)
 add_subdirectory(gameboy)
 add_subdirectory(tetris)

Firmware/sdk/apps/clock/src/clock_app.cpp

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ using Framebuffer = typename AppContext::Framebuffer;
 using Clock       = typename AppContext::Clock;
 
 struct TimeSnapshot {
-    bool     hasWallTime   = false;
-    int      hour24        = 0;
-    int      minute        = 0;
-    int      second        = 0;
-    int      year          = 0;
-    int      month         = 0;
-    int      day           = 0;
-    int      weekday       = 0;
+    bool          hasWallTime   = false;
+    int           hour24        = 0;
+    int           minute        = 0;
+    int           second        = 0;
+    int           year          = 0;
+    int           month         = 0;
+    int           day           = 0;
+    int           weekday       = 0;
     std::uint64_t uptimeSeconds = 0;
 };
 
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ public:
 
     void onStart() override {
         cancelRefreshTimer();
-        lastSnapshot = {};
-        dirty        = true;
+        lastSnapshot    = {};
+        dirty           = true;
         const auto snap = captureTime();
         renderIfNeeded(snap);
         lastSnapshot = snap;
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ private:
     Framebuffer& framebuffer;
     Clock&       clock;
 
-    bool            use24Hour    = true;
-    bool            dirty        = false;
+    bool                         use24Hour    = true;
+    bool                         dirty        = false;
     cardboy::sdk::AppTimerHandle refreshTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
 
     TimeSnapshot lastSnapshot{};
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ private:
         drawCenteredText(framebuffer, timeY + font16x8::kGlyphHeight * scaleLarge + 28, dateLine, scaleSmall, 1);
 
         if (!snap.hasWallTime) {
-            char              uptimeLine[32];
+            char                uptimeLine[32];
             const std::uint64_t days = snap.uptimeSeconds / 86400ULL;
             const std::uint64_t hrs  = (snap.uptimeSeconds / 3600ULL) % 24ULL;
             const std::uint64_t mins = (snap.uptimeSeconds / 60ULL) % 60ULL;
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ private:
 
 class ClockAppFactory final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory {
 public:
-    const char*           name() const override { return kClockAppName; }
+    const char*                         name() const override { return kClockAppName; }
     std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IApp> create(cardboy::sdk::AppContext& context) override {
         return std::make_unique<ClockApp>(context);
     }

Firmware/sdk/apps/gameboy/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 target_sources(cardboy_apps
         PRIVATE
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/gameboy_app.cpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/minigb_apu/minigb_apu.c
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/apps/peanut_gb.h
 )
 
 target_include_directories(cardboy_apps
         PUBLIC
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
 )
+
+target_compile_definitions(cardboy_apps
+        PRIVATE
+        MINIGB_APU_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16SYS=1
+)

Firmware/sdk/apps/gameboy/include/cardboy/apps/peanut_gb.h

@@ -577,15 +577,6 @@ union cart_rtc
  */
 struct gb_s
 {
-	/**
-	 * Return byte from ROM at given address.
-	 *
-	 * \param gb_s	emulator context
-	 * \param addr	address
-	 * \return		byte at address in ROM
-	 */
-	uint8_t (*gb_rom_read)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t addr);
-
 	/**
 	 * Return byte from cart RAM at given address.
 	 *
@@ -738,9 +729,14 @@ struct gb_s
 
 		/* Implementation defined data. Set to NULL if not required. */
 		void *priv;
+		const uint8_t* rom;
 	} direct;
 };
 
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline uint8_t gb_rom_read(struct gb_s* s, const uint_fast32_t addr) {
+	return s->direct.rom[addr];
+}
+
 #ifndef PEANUT_GB_HEADER_ONLY
 
 #define IO_JOYP	0x00
@@ -796,17 +792,17 @@ uint8_t __gb_read(struct gb_s *gb, uint16_t addr)
 	case 0x1:
 	case 0x2:
 	case 0x3:
-		return gb->gb_rom_read(gb, addr);
+		return gb_rom_read(gb, addr);
 
 	case 0x4:
 	case 0x5:
 	case 0x6:
 	case 0x7:
 		if(gb->mbc == 1 && gb->cart_mode_select)
-			return gb->gb_rom_read(gb,
+			return gb_rom_read(gb,
 					       addr + ((gb->selected_rom_bank & 0x1F) - 1) * ROM_BANK_SIZE);
 		else
-			return gb->gb_rom_read(gb, addr + (gb->selected_rom_bank - 1) * ROM_BANK_SIZE);
+			return gb_rom_read(gb, addr + (gb->selected_rom_bank - 1) * ROM_BANK_SIZE);
 
 	case 0x8:
 	case 0x9:
@@ -3542,7 +3538,7 @@ int gb_get_save_size_s(struct gb_s *gb, size_t *ram_size)
 		/* 0,  2KiB,   8KiB,  32KiB,  128KiB,   64KiB */
 		0x00, 0x800, 0x2000, 0x8000, 0x20000, 0x10000
 	};
-	uint8_t ram_size_code = gb->gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location);
+	uint8_t ram_size_code = gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location);
 
 	/* MBC2 always has 512 half-bytes of cart RAM.
 	 * This assumes that only the lower nibble of each byte is used; the
@@ -3570,7 +3566,7 @@ uint_fast32_t gb_get_save_size(struct gb_s *gb)
 		/* 0,  2KiB,   8KiB,  32KiB,  128KiB,   64KiB */
 		0x00, 0x800, 0x2000, 0x8000, 0x20000, 0x10000
 	};
-	uint8_t ram_size_code = gb->gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location);
+	uint8_t ram_size_code = gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location);
 
 	/* MBC2 always has 512 half-bytes of cart RAM.
 	 * This assumes that only the lower nibble of each byte is used; the
@@ -3603,7 +3599,7 @@ uint8_t gb_colour_hash(struct gb_s *gb)
 	uint16_t i;
 
 	for(i = ROM_TITLE_START_ADDR; i <= ROM_TITLE_END_ADDR; i++)
-		x += gb->gb_rom_read(gb, i);
+		x += gb_rom_read(gb, i);
 
 	return x;
 }
@@ -3626,7 +3622,7 @@ void gb_reset(struct gb_s *gb)
 	if(gb->gb_bootrom_read == NULL)
 	{
 		uint8_t hdr_chk;
-		hdr_chk = gb->gb_rom_read(gb, ROM_HEADER_CHECKSUM_LOC) != 0;
+		hdr_chk = gb_rom_read(gb, ROM_HEADER_CHECKSUM_LOC) != 0;
 
 		gb->cpu_reg.a = 0x01;
 		gb->cpu_reg.f.f_bits.z = 1;
@@ -3692,11 +3688,10 @@ void gb_reset(struct gb_s *gb)
 }
 
 enum gb_init_error_e gb_init(struct gb_s *gb,
-			     uint8_t (*gb_rom_read)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t),
 			     uint8_t (*gb_cart_ram_read)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t),
 			     void (*gb_cart_ram_write)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t, const uint8_t),
 			     void (*gb_error)(struct gb_s*, const enum gb_error_e, const uint16_t),
-			     void *priv)
+			     void *priv, const uint8_t* rom_data)
 {
 	const uint16_t mbc_location = 0x0147;
 	const uint16_t bank_count_location = 0x0148;
@@ -3731,11 +3726,11 @@ enum gb_init_error_e gb_init(struct gb_s *gb,
 	 * some early homebrew ROMs supposedly may use this value. */
 	const uint8_t num_ram_banks[] = { 0, 1, 1, 4, 16, 8 };
 
-	gb->gb_rom_read = gb_rom_read;
 	gb->gb_cart_ram_read = gb_cart_ram_read;
 	gb->gb_cart_ram_write = gb_cart_ram_write;
 	gb->gb_error = gb_error;
 	gb->direct.priv = priv;
+	gb->direct.rom = rom_data;
 
 	/* Initialise serial transfer function to NULL. If the front-end does
 	 * not provide serial support, Peanut-GB will emulate no cable connected
@@ -3751,24 +3746,24 @@ enum gb_init_error_e gb_init(struct gb_s *gb,
 		uint16_t i;
 
 		for(i = 0x0134; i <= 0x014C; i++)
-			x = x - gb->gb_rom_read(gb, i) - 1;
+			x = x - gb_rom_read(gb, i) - 1;
 
-		if(x != gb->gb_rom_read(gb, ROM_HEADER_CHECKSUM_LOC))
+		if(x != gb_rom_read(gb, ROM_HEADER_CHECKSUM_LOC))
 			return GB_INIT_INVALID_CHECKSUM;
 	}
 
 	/* Check if cartridge type is supported, and set MBC type. */
 	{
-		const uint8_t mbc_value = gb->gb_rom_read(gb, mbc_location);
+		const uint8_t mbc_value = gb_rom_read(gb, mbc_location);
 
 		if(mbc_value > sizeof(cart_mbc) - 1 ||
 				(gb->mbc = cart_mbc[mbc_value]) == -1)
 			return GB_INIT_CARTRIDGE_UNSUPPORTED;
 	}
 
-	gb->num_rom_banks_mask = num_rom_banks_mask[gb->gb_rom_read(gb, bank_count_location)] - 1;
-	gb->cart_ram = cart_ram[gb->gb_rom_read(gb, mbc_location)];
-	gb->num_ram_banks = num_ram_banks[gb->gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location)];
+	gb->num_rom_banks_mask = num_rom_banks_mask[gb_rom_read(gb, bank_count_location)] - 1;
+	gb->cart_ram = cart_ram[gb_rom_read(gb, mbc_location)];
+	gb->num_ram_banks = num_ram_banks[gb_rom_read(gb, ram_size_location)];
 
 	/* If the ROM says that it support RAM, but has 0 RAM banks, then
 	 * disable RAM reads from the cartridge. */
@@ -3804,7 +3799,7 @@ const char* gb_get_rom_name(struct gb_s* gb, char *title_str)
 
 	for(; title_loc <= title_end; title_loc++)
 	{
-		const char title_char = gb->gb_rom_read(gb, title_loc);
+		const char title_char = gb_rom_read(gb, title_loc);
 
 		if(title_char >= ' ' && title_char <= '_')
 		{
@@ -3886,11 +3881,10 @@ void gb_set_rtc(struct gb_s *gb, const struct tm * const time)
  * \returns	0 on success or an enum that describes the error.
  */
 enum gb_init_error_e gb_init(struct gb_s *gb,
-			     uint8_t (*gb_rom_read)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t),
 			     uint8_t (*gb_cart_ram_read)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t),
 			     void (*gb_cart_ram_write)(struct gb_s*, const uint_fast32_t, const uint8_t),
 			     void (*gb_error)(struct gb_s*, const enum gb_error_e, const uint16_t),
-			     void *priv);
+			     void *priv, const uint8_t* rom_data);
 
 /**
  * Executes the emulator and runs for the duration of time equal to one frame.

Firmware/sdk/apps/gameboy/minigb_apu/minigb_apu.c

@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+/**
+ * Game Boy APU emulator.
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Mahyar Koshkouei <mk@deltabeard.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Alex Baines <alex@abaines.me.uk>
+ * minigb_apu is released under the terms of the MIT license.
+ *
+ * minigb_apu emulates the audio processing unit (APU) of the Game Boy. This
+ * project is based on MiniGBS by Alex Baines: https://github.com/baines/MiniGBS
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "minigb_apu.h"
+
+#define DMG_CLOCK_FREQ_U	((unsigned)DMG_CLOCK_FREQ)
+#define AUDIO_NSAMPLES		(AUDIO_SAMPLES_TOTAL)
+
+#define MAX(a, b)		( a > b ? a : b )
+#define MIN(a, b)		( a <= b ? a : b )
+
+/* Factor in which values are multiplied to compensate for fixed-point
+ * arithmetic. Some hard-coded values in this project must be recreated. */
+#ifndef FREQ_INC_MULT
+# define FREQ_INC_MULT		105
+#endif
+/* Handles time keeping for sound generation.
+ * FREQ_INC_REF must be equal to, or larger than AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE in order
+ * to avoid a division by zero error.
+ * Using a square of 2 simplifies calculations. */
+#define FREQ_INC_REF		(AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * FREQ_INC_MULT)
+
+#define MAX_CHAN_VOLUME		15
+
+static void set_note_freq(struct chan *c)
+{
+	/* Lowest expected value of freq is 64. */
+	uint32_t freq = (DMG_CLOCK_FREQ_U / 4) / (2048 - c->freq);
+	c->freq_inc = freq * (uint32_t)(FREQ_INC_REF / AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE);
+}
+
+static void chan_enable(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		const uint_fast8_t i, const bool enable)
+{
+	uint8_t val;
+
+	ctx->chans[i].enabled = enable;
+	val = (ctx->audio_mem[0xFF26 - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] & 0x80) |
+		(ctx->chans[3].enabled << 3) | (ctx->chans[2].enabled << 2) |
+		(ctx->chans[1].enabled << 1) | (ctx->chans[0].enabled << 0);
+
+	ctx->audio_mem[0xFF26 - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] = val;
+}
+
+static void update_env(struct chan *c)
+{
+	c->env.counter += c->env.inc;
+
+	while (c->env.counter > FREQ_INC_REF) {
+		if (c->env.step) {
+			c->volume += c->env.up ? 1 : -1;
+			if (c->volume == 0 || c->volume == MAX_CHAN_VOLUME) {
+				c->env.inc = 0;
+			}
+			c->volume = MAX(0, MIN(MAX_CHAN_VOLUME, c->volume));
+		}
+		c->env.counter -= FREQ_INC_REF;
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_len(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, struct chan *c)
+{
+	if (!c->len.enabled)
+		return;
+
+	c->len.counter += c->len.inc;
+	if (c->len.counter > FREQ_INC_REF) {
+		chan_enable(ctx, c - ctx->chans, 0);
+		c->len.counter = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static bool update_freq(struct chan *c, uint32_t *pos)
+{
+	uint32_t inc = c->freq_inc - *pos;
+	c->freq_counter += inc;
+
+	if (c->freq_counter > FREQ_INC_REF) {
+		*pos		= c->freq_inc - (c->freq_counter - FREQ_INC_REF);
+		c->freq_counter = 0;
+		return true;
+	} else {
+		*pos = c->freq_inc;
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_sweep(struct chan *c)
+{
+	c->sweep.counter += c->sweep.inc;
+
+	while (c->sweep.counter > FREQ_INC_REF) {
+		if (c->sweep.shift) {
+			uint16_t inc = (c->sweep.freq >> c->sweep.shift);
+			if (c->sweep.down)
+				inc *= -1;
+
+			c->freq = c->sweep.freq + inc;
+			if (c->freq > 2047) {
+				c->enabled = 0;
+			} else {
+				set_note_freq(c);
+				c->sweep.freq = c->freq;
+			}
+		} else if (c->sweep.rate) {
+			c->enabled = 0;
+		}
+		c->sweep.counter -= FREQ_INC_REF;
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_square(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, audio_sample_t *samples,
+		const bool ch2)
+{
+	struct chan *c = &ctx->chans[ch2];
+
+	if (!c->powered || !c->enabled)
+		return;
+
+	set_note_freq(c);
+
+	for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_NSAMPLES; i += 2) {
+		update_len(ctx, c);
+		if (!c->enabled)
+			return;
+
+		update_env(c);
+		if (!c->volume)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!ch2)
+			update_sweep(c);
+
+		uint32_t pos = 0;
+		uint32_t prev_pos = 0;
+		int32_t sample = 0;
+
+		while (update_freq(c, &pos)) {
+			c->square.duty_counter = (c->square.duty_counter + 1) & 7;
+			sample += ((pos - prev_pos) / c->freq_inc) * c->val;
+			c->val = (c->square.duty & (1 << c->square.duty_counter)) ?
+				VOL_INIT_MAX / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME :
+				VOL_INIT_MIN / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME;
+			prev_pos = pos;
+		}
+
+		sample += c->val;
+		sample *= c->volume;
+		sample /= 4;
+
+		samples[i + 0] += sample * c->on_left * ctx->vol_l;
+		samples[i + 1] += sample * c->on_right * ctx->vol_r;
+	}
+}
+
+static uint8_t wave_sample(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		const unsigned int pos, const unsigned int volume)
+{
+	uint8_t sample;
+
+	sample =  ctx->audio_mem[(0xFF30 + pos / 2) - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION];
+	if (pos & 1) {
+		sample &= 0xF;
+	} else {
+		sample >>= 4;
+	}
+	return volume ? (sample >> (volume - 1)) : 0;
+}
+
+static void update_wave(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, audio_sample_t *samples)
+{
+	struct chan *c = &ctx->chans[2];
+
+	if (!c->powered || !c->enabled || !c->volume)
+		return;
+
+	set_note_freq(c);
+	c->freq_inc *= 2;
+
+	for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_NSAMPLES; i += 2) {
+		update_len(ctx, c);
+		if (!c->enabled)
+			return;
+
+		uint32_t pos = 0;
+		uint32_t prev_pos = 0;
+		audio_sample_t sample = 0;
+
+		c->wave.sample = wave_sample(ctx, c->val, c->volume);
+
+		while (update_freq(c, &pos)) {
+			c->val = (c->val + 1) & 31;
+			sample += ((pos - prev_pos) / c->freq_inc) *
+				((audio_sample_t)c->wave.sample - 8) *
+					(AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX/64);
+			c->wave.sample = wave_sample(ctx, c->val, c->volume);
+			prev_pos  = pos;
+		}
+
+		sample += ((audio_sample_t)c->wave.sample - 8) *
+				(audio_sample_t)(AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX/64);
+		{
+			/* First element is unused. */
+			audio_sample_t div[] = { AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX, 1, 2, 4 };
+			sample = sample / (div[c->volume]);
+		}
+
+		sample /= 4;
+		samples[i + 0] += sample * c->on_left * ctx->vol_l;
+		samples[i + 1] += sample * c->on_right * ctx->vol_r;
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_noise(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, audio_sample_t *samples)
+{
+	struct chan *c = &ctx->chans[3];
+
+	if (c->freq >= 14)
+		c->enabled = 0;
+
+	if (!c->powered || !c->enabled)
+		return;
+
+	{
+		const uint32_t lfsr_div_lut[] = {
+			8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112
+		};
+		uint32_t freq;
+
+		freq = DMG_CLOCK_FREQ_U / (lfsr_div_lut[c->noise.lfsr_div] << c->freq);
+		c->freq_inc = freq * (uint32_t)(FREQ_INC_REF / AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE);
+	}
+
+	for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_NSAMPLES; i += 2) {
+		update_len(ctx, c);
+		if (!c->enabled)
+			return;
+
+		update_env(c);
+		if (!c->volume)
+			continue;
+
+		uint32_t pos      = 0;
+		uint32_t prev_pos = 0;
+		int32_t sample    = 0;
+
+		while (update_freq(c, &pos)) {
+			c->noise.lfsr_reg = (c->noise.lfsr_reg << 1) |
+				(c->val >= VOL_INIT_MAX/MAX_CHAN_VOLUME);
+
+			if (c->noise.lfsr_wide) {
+				c->val = !(((c->noise.lfsr_reg >> 14) & 1) ^
+						((c->noise.lfsr_reg >> 13) & 1)) ?
+					VOL_INIT_MAX / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME :
+					VOL_INIT_MIN / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME;
+			} else {
+				c->val = !(((c->noise.lfsr_reg >> 6) & 1) ^
+						((c->noise.lfsr_reg >> 5) & 1)) ?
+					VOL_INIT_MAX / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME :
+					VOL_INIT_MIN / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME;
+			}
+
+			sample += ((pos - prev_pos) / c->freq_inc) * c->val;
+			prev_pos = pos;
+		}
+
+		sample += c->val;
+		sample *= c->volume;
+		sample /= 4;
+
+		samples[i + 0] += sample * c->on_left * ctx->vol_l;
+		samples[i + 1] += sample * c->on_right * ctx->vol_r;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * SDL2 style audio callback function.
+ */
+void minigb_apu_audio_callback(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		audio_sample_t *stream)
+{
+	memset(stream, 0, AUDIO_SAMPLES_TOTAL * sizeof(audio_sample_t));
+	update_square(ctx, stream, 0);
+	update_square(ctx, stream, 1);
+	update_wave(ctx, stream);
+	update_noise(ctx, stream);
+}
+
+static void chan_trigger(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, uint_fast8_t i)
+{
+	struct chan *c = &ctx->chans[i];
+
+	chan_enable(ctx, i, 1);
+	c->volume = c->volume_init;
+
+	// volume envelope
+	{
+		/* LUT created in Julia with:
+		 * `(FREQ_INC_MULT * 64)./vcat(8, 1:7)`
+		 * Must be recreated when FREQ_INC_MULT modified.
+		 */
+		const uint32_t inc_lut[8] = {
+#if FREQ_INC_MULT == 16
+			128, 1024, 512, 341,
+			256,  205, 171, 146
+#elif FREQ_INC_MULT == 64
+            512,  4096, 2048, 1365,
+            1024,  819,  683,  585
+#elif FREQ_INC_MULT == 105
+            /* Multiples of 105 provide integer values. */
+            840,  6720, 3360, 2240,
+            1680, 1344, 1120,  960
+#else
+#error "LUT not calculated for this value of FREQ_INC_MULT"
+#endif
+		};
+		uint8_t val;
+
+		val = ctx->audio_mem[(0xFF12 + (i * 5)) - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION];
+
+		c->env.step = val & 0x7;
+		c->env.up   = val & 0x8;
+		c->env.inc  = inc_lut[c->env.step];
+		c->env.counter = 0;
+	}
+
+	// freq sweep
+	if (i == 0) {
+		uint8_t val = ctx->audio_mem[0xFF10 - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION];
+
+		c->sweep.freq  = c->freq;
+		c->sweep.rate  = (val >> 4) & 0x07;
+		c->sweep.down  = (val & 0x08);
+		c->sweep.shift = (val & 0x07);
+		c->sweep.inc   = c->sweep.rate ?
+			((128u * FREQ_INC_REF) / (c->sweep.rate * AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE)) : 0;
+		c->sweep.counter = FREQ_INC_REF;
+	}
+
+	int len_max = 64;
+
+	if (i == 2) { // wave
+		len_max = 256;
+		c->val = 0;
+	} else if (i == 3) { // noise
+		c->noise.lfsr_reg = 0xFFFF;
+		c->val = VOL_INIT_MIN / MAX_CHAN_VOLUME;
+	}
+
+	c->len.inc = (256u * FREQ_INC_REF) / (AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * (len_max - c->len.load));
+	c->len.counter = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read audio register.
+ * \param addr	Address of audio register. Must be 0xFF10 <= addr <= 0xFF3F.
+ *				This is not checked in this function.
+ * \return	Byte at address.
+ */
+uint8_t minigb_apu_audio_read(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, const uint16_t addr)
+{
+	static const uint8_t ortab[] = {
+		0x80, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xff, 0xbf,
+		0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xff, 0xbf,
+		0x7f, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xff, 0xbf,
+		0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xbf,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x70,
+		0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+	};
+
+	return ctx->audio_mem[addr - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] |
+		ortab[addr - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write audio register.
+ * \param addr	Address of audio register. Must be 0xFF10 <= addr <= 0xFF3F.
+ *				This is not checked in this function.
+ * \param val	Byte to write at address.
+ */
+void minigb_apu_audio_write(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		const uint16_t addr, const uint8_t val)
+{
+	/* Find sound channel corresponding to register address. */
+	uint_fast8_t i;
+
+	if(addr == 0xFF26)
+	{
+		ctx->audio_mem[addr - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] = val & 0x80;
+		/* On APU power off, clear all registers apart from wave
+		 * RAM. */
+		if((val & 0x80) == 0)
+		{
+			memset(ctx->audio_mem,
+					0x00, 0xFF26 - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION);
+			ctx->chans[0].enabled = false;
+			ctx->chans[1].enabled = false;
+			ctx->chans[2].enabled = false;
+			ctx->chans[3].enabled = false;
+		}
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Ignore register writes if APU powered off. */
+	if(ctx->audio_mem[0xFF26 - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] == 0x00)
+		return;
+
+	ctx->audio_mem[addr - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION] = val;
+	i = (addr - AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION) / 5;
+
+	switch (addr) {
+	case 0xFF12:
+	case 0xFF17:
+	case 0xFF21: {
+		ctx->chans[i].volume_init = val >> 4;
+		ctx->chans[i].powered     = (val >> 3) != 0;
+
+		// "zombie mode" stuff, needed for Prehistorik Man and probably
+		// others
+		if (ctx->chans[i].powered && ctx->chans[i].enabled) {
+			if ((ctx->chans[i].env.step == 0 && ctx->chans[i].env.inc != 0)) {
+				if (val & 0x08) {
+					ctx->chans[i].volume++;
+				} else {
+					ctx->chans[i].volume += 2;
+				}
+			} else {
+				ctx->chans[i].volume = 16 - ctx->chans[i].volume;
+			}
+
+			ctx->chans[i].volume &= 0x0F;
+			ctx->chans[i].env.step = val & 0x07;
+		}
+	} break;
+
+	case 0xFF1C:
+		ctx->chans[i].volume = ctx->chans[i].volume_init = (val >> 5) & 0x03;
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF11:
+	case 0xFF16:
+	case 0xFF20: {
+		const uint8_t duty_lookup[] = { 0x10, 0x30, 0x3C, 0xCF };
+		ctx->chans[i].len.load = val & 0x3f;
+		ctx->chans[i].square.duty = duty_lookup[val >> 6];
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case 0xFF1B:
+		ctx->chans[i].len.load = val;
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF13:
+	case 0xFF18:
+	case 0xFF1D:
+		ctx->chans[i].freq &= 0xFF00;
+		ctx->chans[i].freq |= val;
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF1A:
+		ctx->chans[i].powered = (val & 0x80) != 0;
+		chan_enable(ctx, i, val & 0x80);
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF14:
+	case 0xFF19:
+	case 0xFF1E:
+		ctx->chans[i].freq &= 0x00FF;
+		ctx->chans[i].freq |= ((val & 0x07) << 8);
+		/* Intentional fall-through. */
+	case 0xFF23:
+		ctx->chans[i].len.enabled = val & 0x40;
+		if (val & 0x80)
+			chan_trigger(ctx, i);
+
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF22:
+		ctx->chans[3].freq = val >> 4;
+		ctx->chans[3].noise.lfsr_wide = !(val & 0x08);
+		ctx->chans[3].noise.lfsr_div = val & 0x07;
+		break;
+
+	case 0xFF24:
+	{
+		ctx->vol_l = ((val >> 4) & 0x07);
+		ctx->vol_r = (val & 0x07);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case 0xFF25:
+		for (uint_fast8_t j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+			ctx->chans[j].on_left  = (val >> (4 + j)) & 1;
+			ctx->chans[j].on_right = (val >> j) & 1;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void minigb_apu_audio_init(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	/* Initialise channels and samples. */
+	memset(ctx->chans, 0, sizeof(ctx->chans));
+	ctx->chans[0].val = ctx->chans[1].val = -1;
+
+	/* Initialise IO registers. */
+	{
+		const uint8_t regs_init[] = { 0x80, 0xBF, 0xF3, 0xFF, 0x3F,
+					      0xFF, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x3F,
+					      0x7F, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0x3F,
+					      0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F,
+					      0x77, 0xF3, 0xF1 };
+
+		for(uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(regs_init); ++i)
+			minigb_apu_audio_write(ctx, 0xFF10 + i, regs_init[i]);
+	}
+
+	/* Initialise Wave Pattern RAM. */
+	{
+		const uint8_t wave_init[] = { 0xac, 0xdd, 0xda, 0x48,
+					      0x36, 0x02, 0xcf, 0x16,
+					      0x2c, 0x04, 0xe5, 0x2c,
+					      0xac, 0xdd, 0xda, 0x48 };
+
+		for(uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(wave_init); ++i)
+			minigb_apu_audio_write(ctx, 0xFF30 + i, wave_init[i]);
+	}
+}

Firmware/sdk/apps/gameboy/minigb_apu/minigb_apu.h

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/**
+ * minigb_apu is released under the terms listed within the LICENSE file.
+ *
+ * minigb_apu emulates the audio processing unit (APU) of the Game Boy. This
+ * project is based on MiniGBS by Alex Baines: https://github.com/baines/MiniGBS
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifndef AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE
+# define AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE	20000
+#endif
+
+/* The audio output format is in platform native endian. */
+#if defined(MINIGB_APU_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16SYS)
+typedef int16_t audio_sample_t;
+# define AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX INT16_MAX
+# define AUDIO_SAMPLE_MIN INT16_MIN
+# define VOL_INIT_MAX (AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX/8)
+# define VOL_INIT_MIN (AUDIO_SAMPLE_MIN/8)
+#elif defined(MINIGB_APU_AUDIO_FORMAT_S32SYS)
+typedef int32_t audio_sample_t;
+# define AUDIO_SAMPLE_MAX INT32_MAX
+# define AUDIO_SAMPLE_MIN INT32_MIN
+# define VOL_INIT_MAX (INT32_MAX/8)
+# define VOL_INIT_MIN (INT32_MIN/8)
+#else
+#error MiniGB APU: Invalid or unsupported audio format selected
+#endif
+
+#define DMG_CLOCK_FREQ		4194304.0
+#define SCREEN_REFRESH_CYCLES	70224.0
+#define VERTICAL_SYNC		(DMG_CLOCK_FREQ/SCREEN_REFRESH_CYCLES)
+
+/* Number of audio samples in each channel. */
+#define AUDIO_SAMPLES		((unsigned)(AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE / VERTICAL_SYNC))
+/* Number of audio channels. The audio output is in interleaved stereo format.*/
+#define AUDIO_CHANNELS		2
+/* Number of audio samples output in each audio_callback call. */
+#define AUDIO_SAMPLES_TOTAL	(AUDIO_SAMPLES * 2)
+
+#define AUDIO_MEM_SIZE		(0xFF3F - 0xFF10 + 1)
+#define AUDIO_ADDR_COMPENSATION	0xFF10
+
+struct chan_len_ctr {
+	uint8_t load;
+	uint8_t enabled;
+	uint32_t counter;
+	uint32_t inc;
+};
+
+struct chan_vol_env {
+	uint8_t step;
+	uint8_t up;
+	uint32_t counter;
+	uint32_t inc;
+};
+
+struct chan_freq_sweep {
+	uint8_t rate;
+	uint8_t shift;
+	uint8_t down;
+	uint16_t freq;
+	uint32_t counter;
+	uint32_t inc;
+};
+
+struct chan {
+	uint8_t enabled;
+	uint8_t powered;
+	uint8_t on_left;
+	uint8_t on_right;
+
+	uint8_t volume;
+	uint8_t volume_init;
+
+	uint16_t freq;
+	uint32_t freq_counter;
+	uint32_t freq_inc;
+
+	int32_t val;
+
+	struct chan_len_ctr    len;
+	struct chan_vol_env    env;
+	struct chan_freq_sweep sweep;
+
+	union {
+		struct {
+			uint8_t duty;
+			uint8_t duty_counter;
+		} square;
+		struct {
+			uint16_t lfsr_reg;
+			uint8_t  lfsr_wide;
+			uint8_t  lfsr_div;
+		} noise;
+		struct {
+			uint8_t sample;
+		} wave;
+	};
+};
+
+struct minigb_apu_ctx {
+	struct chan chans[4];
+	int32_t vol_l, vol_r;
+
+	/**
+	 * Memory holding audio registers between 0xFF10 and 0xFF3F inclusive.
+	 */
+	uint8_t audio_mem[AUDIO_MEM_SIZE];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Fill allocated buffer "stream" with AUDIO_SAMPLES_TOTAL number of 16-bit
+ * signed samples (native endian order) in stereo interleaved format.
+ * Each call corresponds to the time taken for each VSYNC in the Game Boy.
+ *
+ * \param ctx Library context. Must be initialised with audio_init().
+ * \param stream Allocated pointer to store audio samples. Must be at least
+ *		AUDIO_SAMPLES_TOTAL in size.
+ */
+void minigb_apu_audio_callback(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		audio_sample_t *stream);
+
+/**
+ * Read audio register at given address "addr".
+ * \param ctx Library context. Must be initialised with audio_init().
+ * \param addr Address of registers to read. Must be within 0xFF10 and 0xFF3F,
+ *	inclusive.
+ */
+uint8_t minigb_apu_audio_read(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx, const uint16_t addr);
+
+/**
+ * Write "val" to audio register at given address "addr".
+ * \param ctx Library context. Must be initialised with audio_init().
+ * \param addr Address of registers to read. Must be within 0xFF10 and 0xFF3F,
+ *	inclusive.
+ * \param val Value to write to address.
+ */
+void minigb_apu_audio_write(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx,
+		const uint16_t addr, const uint8_t val);
+
+/**
+ * Initialise audio driver.
+ * \param ctx Library context.
+ */
+void minigb_apu_audio_init(struct minigb_apu_ctx *ctx);

Firmware/sdk/apps/menu/src/menu_app.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
             moveSelection(+1);
         }
 
-        const bool launch = (current.a && !previous.a) || (current.select && !previous.select);
+        const bool launch = (current.a && !previous.a) || (current.start && !previous.start);
         if (launch)
             launchSelected();
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ private:
             font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, topRightX, 20, indexLabel, 1, true, 0);
 
             drawPagerDots();
-            drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 48, "A/SELECT START", 1, 1);
+            drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 48, "A START APP", 1, 1);
             drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 28, "L/R CHOOSE", 1, 1);
         }
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ private:
 
 class MenuAppFactory final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory {
 public:
-    const char*           name() const override { return kMenuAppName; }
+    const char*                         name() const override { return kMenuAppName; }
     std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IApp> create(cardboy::sdk::AppContext& context) override {
         return std::make_unique<MenuApp>(context);
     }

Firmware/sdk/apps/settings/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+target_sources(cardboy_apps
+        PRIVATE
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/settings_app.cpp
+)
+
+target_include_directories(cardboy_apps
+        PUBLIC
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+)

Firmware/sdk/apps/settings/include/cardboy/apps/settings_app.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cardboy/sdk/app_framework.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace apps {
+
+inline constexpr char kSettingsAppName[] = "Settings";
+
+std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory> createSettingsAppFactory();
+
+} // namespace apps

Firmware/sdk/apps/settings/src/settings_app.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#include "cardboy/apps/settings_app.hpp"
+
+#include "cardboy/apps/menu_app.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/gfx/font16x8.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/app_framework.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/persistent_settings.hpp"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace apps {
+
+namespace {
+
+using cardboy::sdk::AppContext;
+using Framebuffer = typename AppContext::Framebuffer;
+
+enum class SettingOption {
+    Sound,
+    AutoLightSleep,
+};
+
+constexpr std::array<SettingOption, 2> kOptions = {
+        SettingOption::Sound,
+        SettingOption::AutoLightSleep,
+};
+
+class SettingsApp final : public cardboy::sdk::IApp {
+public:
+    explicit SettingsApp(AppContext& ctx) : context(ctx), framebuffer(ctx.framebuffer) {}
+
+    void onStart() override {
+        loadSettings();
+        dirty = true;
+        renderIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void handleEvent(const cardboy::sdk::AppEvent& event) override {
+        if (event.type != cardboy::sdk::AppEventType::Button)
+            return;
+
+        const auto& current  = event.button.current;
+        const auto& previous = event.button.previous;
+
+        const bool previousAvailable = buzzerAvailable;
+        syncBuzzerState();
+        if (previousAvailable != buzzerAvailable)
+            dirty = true;
+
+        if (current.b && !previous.b) {
+            context.requestAppSwitchByName(kMenuAppName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bool moved = false;
+        if (current.down && !previous.down) {
+            moveSelection(+1);
+            moved = true;
+        } else if (current.up && !previous.up) {
+            moveSelection(-1);
+            moved = true;
+        }
+
+        const bool togglePressed = (current.a && !previous.a) || (current.start && !previous.start) ||
+                                   (current.select && !previous.select);
+        if (togglePressed)
+            handleToggle();
+
+        if (moved)
+            dirty = true;
+
+        renderIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+private:
+    AppContext&  context;
+    Framebuffer& framebuffer;
+
+    bool                             buzzerAvailable = false;
+    cardboy::sdk::PersistentSettings settings{};
+    std::size_t                      selectedIndex = 0;
+    bool                             dirty         = false;
+
+    void loadSettings() {
+        settings = cardboy::sdk::loadPersistentSettings(context.getServices());
+        syncBuzzerState();
+    }
+
+    void syncBuzzerState() {
+        auto* buzzer    = context.buzzer();
+        buzzerAvailable = (buzzer != nullptr);
+        if (!buzzer)
+            return;
+        if (buzzer->isMuted() != settings.mute)
+            buzzer->setMuted(settings.mute);
+    }
+
+    void moveSelection(int delta) {
+        const int count = static_cast<int>(kOptions.size());
+        if (count == 0)
+            return;
+        const int current = static_cast<int>(selectedIndex);
+        int       next    = (current + delta) % count;
+        if (next < 0)
+            next += count;
+        selectedIndex = static_cast<std::size_t>(next);
+    }
+
+    void handleToggle() {
+        switch (kOptions[selectedIndex]) {
+            case SettingOption::Sound:
+                toggleSound();
+                break;
+            case SettingOption::AutoLightSleep:
+                toggleAutoLightSleep();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void toggleSound() {
+        if (!buzzerAvailable)
+            return;
+        settings.mute = !settings.mute;
+        cardboy::sdk::savePersistentSettings(context.getServices(), settings);
+        syncBuzzerState();
+        if (!settings.mute) {
+            if (auto* buzzer = context.buzzer())
+                buzzer->beepMove();
+        }
+        dirty = true;
+    }
+
+    void toggleAutoLightSleep() {
+        settings.autoLightSleep = !settings.autoLightSleep;
+        cardboy::sdk::savePersistentSettings(context.getServices(), settings);
+        dirty = true;
+    }
+
+    static void drawCenteredText(Framebuffer& fb, int y, std::string_view text, int scale, int letterSpacing = 1) {
+        const int width = font16x8::measureText(text, scale, letterSpacing);
+        const int x     = (fb.width() - width) / 2;
+        font16x8::drawText(fb, x, y, text, scale, true, letterSpacing);
+    }
+
+    void drawOptionRow(int row, std::string_view label, std::string_view value, bool selected) {
+        std::string prefix = selected ? "> " : "  ";
+        std::string line   = prefix;
+        line.append(label);
+        line.append(": ");
+        line.append(value);
+        const int x = 24;
+        const int y = 56 + row * 24;
+        font16x8::drawText(framebuffer, x, y, line, 1, true, 1);
+    }
+
+    void renderIfNeeded() {
+        if (!dirty)
+            return;
+        dirty = false;
+
+        framebuffer.frameReady();
+        framebuffer.clear(false);
+
+        drawCenteredText(framebuffer, 24, "SETTINGS", 1, 1);
+
+        const std::string soundValue = buzzerAvailable ? (settings.mute ? "OFF" : "ON") : "N/A";
+        drawOptionRow(0, "SOUND", soundValue, selectedIndex == 0);
+
+        const std::string lightSleepValue = settings.autoLightSleep ? "ON" : "OFF";
+        drawOptionRow(1, "AUTO LIGHT SLEEP", lightSleepValue, selectedIndex == 1);
+
+        if (!buzzerAvailable)
+            drawCenteredText(framebuffer, 120, "SOUND CONTROL UNAVAILABLE", 1, 1);
+
+        drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 54, "UP/DOWN MOVE", 1, 1);
+        drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 36, "A/START/SELECT TOGGLE", 1, 1);
+        drawCenteredText(framebuffer, framebuffer.height() - 18, "B BACK | LIGHT SLEEP AFTER RESET", 1, 1);
+
+        framebuffer.sendFrame();
+    }
+};
+
+class SettingsAppFactory final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory {
+public:
+    const char*                         name() const override { return kSettingsAppName; }
+    std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IApp> create(cardboy::sdk::AppContext& context) override {
+        return std::make_unique<SettingsApp>(context);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory> createSettingsAppFactory() { return std::make_unique<SettingsAppFactory>(); }
+
+} // namespace apps

Firmware/sdk/apps/tetris/src/tetris_app.cpp

@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ constexpr Tetromino makeTetromino(std::initializer_list<BlockOffset> baseBlocks)
 }
 
 constexpr std::array<Tetromino, 7> kPieces = {{
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {2, 0}}),     // I
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}}),     // J
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}}),    // L
-        makeTetromino({{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}}),      // O
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}}),     // S
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}}),     // T
-        makeTetromino({{-1, 1}, {0, 1}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}}),     // Z
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {2, 0}}),  // I
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}}),  // J
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}}), // L
+        makeTetromino({{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}}),   // O
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}}),  // S
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 0}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}}),  // T
+        makeTetromino({{-1, 1}, {0, 1}, {0, 0}, {1, 0}}),  // Z
 }};
 
 class RandomBag {
@@ -107,22 +107,22 @@ private:
 };
 
 struct ActivePiece {
-    int type      = 0;
-    int rotation  = 0;
-    int x         = 0;
-    int y         = 0;
+    int type     = 0;
+    int rotation = 0;
+    int x        = 0;
+    int y        = 0;
 };
 
 struct GameState {
     std::array<int, kBoardWidth * kBoardHeight> board{};
-    ActivePiece current{};
-    int         nextPiece    = 0;
-    int         level        = 1;
-    int         linesCleared = 0;
-    int         score        = 0;
-    int         highScore    = 0;
-    bool        paused       = false;
-    bool        gameOver     = false;
+    ActivePiece                                 current{};
+    int                                         nextPiece    = 0;
+    int                                         level        = 1;
+    int                                         linesCleared = 0;
+    int                                         score        = 0;
+    int                                         highScore    = 0;
+    bool                                        paused       = false;
+    bool                                        gameOver     = false;
 };
 
 [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t randomSeed(AppContext& ctx) {
@@ -161,21 +161,21 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    AppContext&                     context;
+    AppContext&                       context;
     typename AppContext::Framebuffer& framebuffer;
 
-    GameState   state;
-    RandomBag   bag;
-    InputState  lastInput{};
-    bool        dirty      = false;
-    AppTimerHandle dropTimer   = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
-    AppTimerHandle softTimer   = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+    GameState      state;
+    RandomBag      bag;
+    InputState     lastInput{};
+    bool           dirty     = false;
+    AppTimerHandle dropTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
+    AppTimerHandle softTimer = cardboy::sdk::kInvalidAppTimer;
 
     void reset() {
         cancelTimers();
-        int oldHigh = state.highScore;
-        state       = {};
-        state.highScore = oldHigh;
+        int oldHigh        = state.highScore;
+        state              = {};
+        state.highScore    = oldHigh;
         state.current.type = bag.next();
         state.nextPiece    = bag.next();
         state.current.x    = kBoardWidth / 2;
@@ -185,12 +185,10 @@ private:
         state.paused       = false;
         dirty              = true;
         scheduleDropTimer();
-        if (auto* power = context.powerManager())
-            power->setSlowMode(false);
     }
 
     void handleButtons(const AppButtonEvent& evt) {
-        const auto& cur = evt.current;
+        const auto& cur  = evt.current;
         const auto& prev = evt.previous;
         lastInput        = cur;
 
@@ -204,8 +202,6 @@ private:
                 reset();
             } else {
                 state.paused = !state.paused;
-                if (auto* power = context.powerManager())
-                    power->setSlowMode(state.paused);
             }
             dirty = true;
         }
@@ -260,7 +256,7 @@ private:
     void scheduleDropTimer() {
         cancelDropTimer();
         const std::uint32_t interval = dropIntervalMs();
-        dropTimer = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(interval);
+        dropTimer                    = context.scheduleRepeatingTimer(interval);
     }
 
     void cancelDropTimer() {
@@ -276,8 +272,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t dropIntervalMs() const {
-        const int base = 700;
-        const int step = 50;
+        const int base     = 700;
+        const int step     = 50;
         int       interval = base - (state.level - 1) * step;
         if (interval < 120)
             interval = 120;
@@ -322,7 +318,7 @@ private:
 
     void rotate(int direction) {
         int nextRot = state.current.rotation + (direction >= 0 ? 1 : -1);
-        nextRot      = ((nextRot % 4) + 4) % 4;
+        nextRot     = ((nextRot % 4) + 4) % 4;
         if (canPlace(state.current.x, state.current.y, nextRot)) {
             state.current.rotation = nextRot;
             dirty                  = true;
@@ -387,8 +383,6 @@ private:
             cancelDropTimer();
             if (auto* buzzer = context.buzzer())
                 buzzer->beepGameOver();
-            if (auto* power = context.powerManager())
-                power->setSlowMode(true);
         } else {
             if (auto* buzzer = context.buzzer())
                 buzzer->beepLock();
@@ -484,11 +478,10 @@ private:
         for (int y = 0; y < kBoardHeight; ++y) {
             for (int x = 0; x < kBoardWidth; ++x) {
                 if (int value = cellAt(x, y); value != 0)
-                    drawCell(originX, originY, x, y, value, true);
+                    drawCell(originX, originY, x, y, value - 1, true);
             }
         }
-
-        drawGuides(originX, originY);
+        drawBoardFrame(originX, originY);
     }
 
     void drawActivePiece() {
@@ -502,32 +495,76 @@ private:
             int gy = state.current.y + block.y;
             if (gy < 0)
                 continue;
-            drawCell(originX, originY, gx, gy, state.current.type + 1, false);
+            drawCell(originX, originY, gx, gy, state.current.type, false);
         }
     }
 
-    void drawCell(int originX, int originY, int cx, int cy, int value, bool solid) {
-        const int x0 = originX + cx * kCellSize;
-        const int y0 = originY + cy * kCellSize;
-        for (int dy = 0; dy < kCellSize; ++dy) {
-            for (int dx = 0; dx < kCellSize; ++dx) {
-                bool on = solid ? true : (dx == 0 || dx == kCellSize - 1 || dy == 0 || dy == kCellSize - 1);
+    static bool patternPixel(int pieceIndex, int dx, int dy) {
+        const int idx = std::clamp(pieceIndex, 0, static_cast<int>(kPieces.size()) - 1);
+        const int mx  = dx & 0x3;
+        const int my  = dy & 0x3;
+        switch (idx) {
+            case 0:   // I - vertical stripes
+                return mx < 2;
+            case 1:   // J - horizontal stripes
+                return my < 2;
+            case 2: { // L - forward diagonal
+                const int sum = (mx + my) & 0x3;
+                return sum < 2;
+            }
+            case 3:   // O - diamond centerpiece
+                return (mx == 1 && my == 1) || (mx == 2 && my == 1) || (mx == 1 && my == 2) || (mx == 2 && my == 2);
+            case 4:   // S - checkerboard
+                return ((mx ^ my) & 0x1) == 0;
+            case 5: { // T - cross
+                return (mx == 0) || (my == 0);
+            }
+            case 6: { // Z - backward diagonal
+                int diff = mx - my;
+                if (diff < 0)
+                    diff += 4;
+                diff &= 0x3;
+                return diff < 2;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void drawPatternBlock(int x0, int y0, int size, int pieceIndex, bool locked) {
+        const int idx = std::clamp(pieceIndex, 0, static_cast<int>(kPieces.size()) - 1);
+        for (int dy = 0; dy < size; ++dy) {
+            for (int dx = 0; dx < size; ++dx) {
+                const bool border = dx == 0 || dx == size - 1 || dy == 0 || dy == size - 1;
+                bool       fill   = patternPixel(idx, dx, dy);
+                if (!locked && !border)
+                    fill = fill && (((dx + dy) & 0x1) == 0);
+                const bool on = border || fill;
                 framebuffer.drawPixel(x0 + dx, y0 + dy, on);
             }
         }
-        (void) value; // value currently unused (monochrome display)
     }
 
-    void drawGuides(int originX, int originY) {
-        for (int y = 0; y <= kBoardHeight; ++y) {
-            const int py = originY + y * kCellSize;
-            for (int x = 0; x < kBoardWidth * kCellSize; ++x)
-                framebuffer.drawPixel(originX + x, py, (y % 5) == 0);
+    void drawCell(int originX, int originY, int cx, int cy, int pieceIndex, bool locked) {
+        const int x0 = originX + cx * kCellSize;
+        const int y0 = originY + cy * kCellSize;
+        drawPatternBlock(x0, y0, kCellSize, pieceIndex, locked);
+    }
+
+    void drawBoardFrame(int originX, int originY) {
+        const int widthPixels  = kBoardWidth * kCellSize;
+        const int heightPixels = kBoardHeight * kCellSize;
+        const int x0           = originX;
+        const int y0           = originY;
+        const int x1           = originX + widthPixels - 1;
+        const int y1           = originY + heightPixels - 1;
+
+        for (int x = x0; x <= x1; ++x) {
+            framebuffer.drawPixel(x, y0, true);
+            framebuffer.drawPixel(x, y1, true);
         }
-        for (int x = 0; x <= kBoardWidth; ++x) {
-            const int px = originX + x * kCellSize;
-            for (int y = 0; y < kBoardHeight * kCellSize; ++y)
-                framebuffer.drawPixel(px, originY + y, (x % 5) == 0);
+        for (int y = y0; y <= y1; ++y) {
+            framebuffer.drawPixel(x0, y, true);
+            framebuffer.drawPixel(x1, y, true);
         }
     }
 
@@ -539,15 +576,14 @@ private:
 
         for (int dy = 0; dy < boxSize; ++dy)
             for (int dx = 0; dx < boxSize; ++dx)
-                framebuffer.drawPixel(originX + dx, originY + dy, (dy == 0 || dy == boxSize - 1 || dx == 0 || dx == boxSize - 1));
+                framebuffer.drawPixel(originX + dx, originY + dy,
+                                      (dy == 0 || dy == boxSize - 1 || dx == 0 || dx == boxSize - 1));
 
         const auto& piece = kPieces[state.nextPiece];
         for (const auto& block: piece.rotations[0]) {
-            const int px = originX + (block.x + 1) * blockSize;
-            const int py = originY + (block.y + 1) * blockSize;
-            for (int dy = 1; dy < blockSize - 1; ++dy)
-                for (int dx = 1; dx < blockSize - 1; ++dx)
-                    framebuffer.drawPixel(px + dx, py + dy, true);
+            const int px = originX + (block.x + 1) * blockSize + 1;
+            const int py = originY + (block.y + 1) * blockSize + 1;
+            drawPatternBlock(px, py, blockSize - 2, state.nextPiece, true);
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,7 +644,7 @@ private:
 
 class TetrisFactory final : public cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory {
 public:
-    const char*           name() const override { return kTetrisAppName; }
+    const char*                         name() const override { return kTetrisAppName; }
     std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IApp> create(AppContext& context) override {
         return std::make_unique<TetrisApp>(context);
     }
@@ -616,8 +652,6 @@ public:
 
 } // namespace
 
-std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory> createTetrisAppFactory() {
-    return std::make_unique<TetrisFactory>();
-}
+std::unique_ptr<cardboy::sdk::IAppFactory> createTetrisAppFactory() { return std::make_unique<TetrisFactory>(); }
 
 } // namespace apps

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 add_library(cardboy_backend_interface INTERFACE)
 
+target_link_libraries(cardboy_backend_interface INTERFACE cardboy_utils)
+
 set_target_properties(cardboy_backend_interface PROPERTIES
         EXPORT_NAME backend_interface
 )
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ target_sources(cardboy_backend_interface
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/backend/backend_interface.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/backend.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/display_spec.hpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/loop_hooks.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/input_state.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/sdk/services.hpp

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+enum class EventBusSignal : std::uint32_t {
+    None     = 0,
+    Input    = 1u << 0,
+    Timer    = 1u << 1,
+    External = 1u << 2,
+};
+
+inline EventBusSignal operator|(EventBusSignal lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
+    return static_cast<EventBusSignal>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(lhs) | static_cast<std::uint32_t>(rhs));
+}
+
+inline EventBusSignal& operator|=(EventBusSignal& lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs | rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+inline EventBusSignal operator&(EventBusSignal lhs, EventBusSignal rhs) {
+    return static_cast<EventBusSignal>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(lhs) & static_cast<std::uint32_t>(rhs));
+}
+
+inline std::uint32_t to_event_bits(EventBusSignal signal) { return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(signal); }
+
+class IEventBus {
+public:
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t kWaitForever = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+
+    virtual ~IEventBus() = default;
+
+    virtual void          signal(std::uint32_t bits)                         = 0;
+    virtual void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits)                  = 0;
+    virtual std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) = 0;
+    virtual void          scheduleTimerSignal(std::uint32_t delay_ms)        = 0;
+    virtual void          cancelTimerSignal()                                = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+class FramebufferHooks {
+public:
+    using PreSendHook = void (*)(void* framebuffer, void* userData);
+
+    static void setPreSendHook(PreSendHook hook, void* userData);
+    static void clearPreSendHook();
+    static void invokePreSend(void* framebuffer);
+
+private:
+    static PreSendHook hook_;
+    static void*       userData_;
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/loop_hooks.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+class ILoopHooks {
+public:
+    virtual ~ILoopHooks()          = default;
+    virtual void onLoopIteration() = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp"
 #include "input_state.hpp"
 
 #include <concepts>
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@ concept HasSendFrameImpl = requires(Impl& impl, bool flag) {
     { impl.sendFrame_impl(flag) };
 };
 
+template<typename Impl>
+concept HasDrawBits8Impl = requires(Impl& impl, int x, int y, std::uint8_t bits) { impl.drawBits8_impl(x, y, bits); };
+
 template<typename Impl>
 concept HasFrameInFlightImpl = requires(const Impl& impl) {
     { impl.frameInFlight_impl() } -> std::convertible_to<bool>;
@@ -37,11 +41,19 @@ concept HasSleepMsImpl = requires(Impl& impl, std::uint32_t value) {
 template<typename Impl>
 class FramebufferFacade {
 public:
-    [[nodiscard]] int width() const { return impl().width_impl(); }
-    [[nodiscard]] int height() const { return impl().height_impl(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] __attribute__((always_inline)) int width() const { return impl().width_impl(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] __attribute__((always_inline)) int height() const { return impl().height_impl(); }
 
     __attribute__((always_inline)) void drawPixel(int x, int y, bool on) { impl().drawPixel_impl(x, y, on); }
 
+    __attribute__((always_inline)) void drawBits8(int x, int y, std::uint8_t bits) {
+        if constexpr (detail::HasDrawBits8Impl<Impl>) {
+            impl().drawBits8_impl(x, y, bits);
+        } else {
+            defaultDrawBits8(x, y, bits);
+        }
+    }
+
     void clear(bool on) {
         if constexpr (detail::HasClearImpl<Impl>) {
             impl().clear_impl(on);
@@ -56,8 +68,10 @@ public:
     }
 
     __attribute__((always_inline)) void sendFrame(bool clearDrawBuffer = true) {
-        if constexpr (detail::HasSendFrameImpl<Impl>)
+        if constexpr (detail::HasSendFrameImpl<Impl>) {
+            FramebufferHooks::invokePreSend(&impl());
             impl().sendFrame_impl(clearDrawBuffer);
+        }
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] __attribute__((always_inline)) bool isFrameInFlight() const {
@@ -79,6 +93,14 @@ private:
             for (int x = 0; x < width(); ++x)
                 drawPixel(x, y, on);
     }
+
+    void defaultDrawBits8(int x, int y, std::uint8_t bits) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < 8; ++col) {
+            const std::uint8_t mask    = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(1u << (7 - col));
+            const bool         pixelOn = (bits & mask) != 0;
+            drawPixel(x + col, y, pixelOn);
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 template<typename Impl>

Firmware/sdk/backend_interface/include/cardboy/sdk/services.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/loop_hooks.hpp"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -57,14 +60,6 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] virtual std::uint64_t micros() = 0;
 };
 
-class IPowerManager {
-public:
-    virtual ~IPowerManager() = default;
-
-    virtual void               setSlowMode(bool enable) = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool isSlowMode() const       = 0;
-};
-
 class IFilesystem {
 public:
     virtual ~IFilesystem() = default;
@@ -80,8 +75,9 @@ struct Services {
     IStorage*        storage      = nullptr;
     IRandom*         random       = nullptr;
     IHighResClock*   highResClock = nullptr;
-    IPowerManager*   powerManager = nullptr;
     IFilesystem*     filesystem   = nullptr;
+    IEventBus*       eventBus     = nullptr;
+    ILoopHooks*      loopHooks    = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/backends/desktop/include/cardboy/backend/desktop_backend.hpp

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/platform.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
 
 #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Window/Keyboard.hpp>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <random>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -70,15 +73,6 @@ private:
     const std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start;
 };
 
-class DesktopPowerManager final : public cardboy::sdk::IPowerManager {
-public:
-    void               setSlowMode(bool enable) override { slowMode = enable; }
-    [[nodiscard]] bool isSlowMode() const override { return slowMode; }
-
-private:
-    bool slowMode = false;
-};
-
 class DesktopFilesystem final : public cardboy::sdk::IFilesystem {
 public:
     DesktopFilesystem();
@@ -92,6 +86,29 @@ private:
     bool                  mounted = false;
 };
 
+class DesktopEventBus final : public cardboy::sdk::IEventBus {
+public:
+    explicit DesktopEventBus(DesktopRuntime& owner);
+    ~DesktopEventBus() override;
+
+    void          signal(std::uint32_t bits) override;
+    void          signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) override;
+    std::uint32_t wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) override;
+    void          scheduleTimerSignal(std::uint32_t delay_ms) override;
+    void          cancelTimerSignal() override;
+
+private:
+    DesktopRuntime&         runtime;
+    std::mutex              mutex;
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    std::uint32_t           pendingBits = 0;
+
+    std::mutex              timerMutex;
+    std::condition_variable timerCv;
+    std::thread             timerThread;
+    bool                    timerCancel = false;
+};
+
 class DesktopFramebuffer final : public cardboy::sdk::FramebufferFacade<DesktopFramebuffer> {
 public:
     explicit DesktopFramebuffer(DesktopRuntime& runtime);
@@ -168,8 +185,8 @@ private:
     DesktopStorage         storageService;
     DesktopRandom          randomService;
     DesktopHighResClock    highResService;
-    DesktopPowerManager    powerService;
     DesktopFilesystem      filesystemService;
+    DesktopEventBus        eventBusService;
     cardboy::sdk::Services services{};
 };
 

Firmware/sdk/backends/desktop/src/desktop_backend.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,92 @@
 
 namespace cardboy::backend::desktop {
 
+DesktopEventBus::DesktopEventBus(DesktopRuntime& owner) : runtime(owner) {}
+
+DesktopEventBus::~DesktopEventBus() { cancelTimerSignal(); }
+
+void DesktopEventBus::signal(std::uint32_t bits) {
+    if (bits == 0)
+        return;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        pendingBits |= bits;
+    }
+    cv.notify_all();
+}
+
+void DesktopEventBus::signalFromISR(std::uint32_t bits) { signal(bits); }
+
+std::uint32_t DesktopEventBus::wait(std::uint32_t mask, std::uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+    if (mask == 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    const auto start    = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    const bool infinite = timeout_ms == cardboy::sdk::IEventBus::kWaitForever;
+
+    while (true) {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            const std::uint32_t         ready = pendingBits & mask;
+            if (ready != 0) {
+                pendingBits &= ~mask;
+                return ready;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!infinite) {
+            const auto now       = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+            const auto elapsedMs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start).count();
+            if (elapsedMs >= static_cast<std::int64_t>(timeout_ms))
+                return 0;
+            const auto remaining = timeout_ms - static_cast<std::uint32_t>(elapsedMs);
+            runtime.sleepFor(std::min<std::uint32_t>(remaining, 8));
+        } else {
+            runtime.sleepFor(8);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void DesktopEventBus::scheduleTimerSignal(std::uint32_t delay_ms) {
+    cancelTimerSignal();
+
+    if (delay_ms == cardboy::sdk::IEventBus::kWaitForever)
+        return;
+
+    if (delay_ms == 0) {
+        signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(timerMutex);
+        timerCancel = false;
+    }
+
+    timerThread = std::thread([this, delay_ms]() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(timerMutex);
+        const bool                   cancelled =
+                timerCv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(delay_ms), [this] { return timerCancel; });
+        lock.unlock();
+        if (!cancelled)
+            signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Timer));
+    });
+}
+
+void DesktopEventBus::cancelTimerSignal() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(timerMutex);
+        timerCancel = true;
+    }
+    timerCv.notify_all();
+    if (timerThread.joinable())
+        timerThread.join();
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(timerMutex);
+        timerCancel = false;
+    }
+}
+
 bool DesktopStorage::readUint32(std::string_view ns, std::string_view key, std::uint32_t& out) {
     auto it = data.find(composeKey(ns, key));
     if (it == data.end())
@@ -90,6 +176,7 @@ DesktopInput::DesktopInput(DesktopRuntime& runtime) : runtime(runtime) {}
 cardboy::sdk::InputState DesktopInput::readState_impl() { return state; }
 
 void DesktopInput::handleKey(sf::Keyboard::Key key, bool pressed) {
+    bool handled = true;
     switch (key) {
         case sf::Keyboard::Key::Up:
             state.up = pressed;
@@ -118,8 +205,11 @@ void DesktopInput::handleKey(sf::Keyboard::Key key, bool pressed) {
             state.start = pressed;
             break;
         default:
+            handled = false;
             break;
     }
+    if (handled)
+        runtime.eventBusService.signal(cardboy::sdk::to_event_bits(cardboy::sdk::EventBusSignal::Input));
 }
 
 DesktopClock::DesktopClock(DesktopRuntime& runtime) : runtime(runtime), start(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()) {}
@@ -137,13 +227,13 @@ DesktopRuntime::DesktopRuntime() :
            "Cardboy Desktop"),
     texture(), sprite(texture),
     pixels(static_cast<std::size_t>(cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth * cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight) * 4, 0),
-    framebuffer(*this), input(*this), clock(*this) {
+    framebuffer(*this), input(*this), clock(*this), eventBusService(*this) {
     window.setFramerateLimit(60);
     if (!texture.resize(sf::Vector2u{cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth, cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight}))
         throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate texture for desktop framebuffer");
     sprite.setTexture(texture, true);
     sprite.setScale(sf::Vector2f{static_cast<float>(kPixelScale), static_cast<float>(kPixelScale)});
-    clearPixels(false);
+    clearPixels(true);
     presentIfNeeded();
 
     services.buzzer       = &buzzerService;
@@ -151,8 +241,9 @@ DesktopRuntime::DesktopRuntime() :
     services.storage      = &storageService;
     services.random       = &randomService;
     services.highResClock = &highResService;
-    services.powerManager = &powerService;
     services.filesystem   = &filesystemService;
+    services.eventBus     = &eventBusService;
+    services.loopHooks    = nullptr;
 }
 
 cardboy::sdk::Services& DesktopRuntime::serviceRegistry() { return services; }
@@ -161,7 +252,7 @@ void DesktopRuntime::setPixel(int x, int y, bool on) {
     if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth || y >= cardboy::sdk::kDisplayHeight)
         return;
     const std::size_t  idx   = static_cast<std::size_t>(y * cardboy::sdk::kDisplayWidth + x) * 4;
-    const std::uint8_t value = on ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255) : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0);
+    const std::uint8_t value = on ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0) : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     pixels[idx + 0]          = value;
     pixels[idx + 1]          = value;
     pixels[idx + 2]          = value;
@@ -170,7 +261,7 @@ void DesktopRuntime::setPixel(int x, int y, bool on) {
 }
 
 void DesktopRuntime::clearPixels(bool on) {
-    const std::uint8_t value = on ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255) : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0);
+    const std::uint8_t value = on ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0) : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pixels.size(); i += 4) {
         pixels[i + 0] = value;
         pixels[i + 1] = value;

Firmware/sdk/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
 
 add_library(cardboy_sdk STATIC
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/app_system.cpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/status_bar.cpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/framebuffer_hooks.cpp
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/persistent_settings.cpp
 )
 
 set_target_properties(cardboy_sdk PROPERTIES

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/gfx/font16x8.hpp

@@ -26,22 +26,76 @@ inline const std::array<uint8_t, kGlyphHeight>& glyphBitmap(char ch) {
     return fonts_Terminess_Powerline[uc];
 }
 
+enum class Rotation {
+    None,
+    Clockwise90,
+    CounterClockwise90,
+};
+
+struct TextBounds {
+    int width  = 0;
+    int height = 0;
+};
+
 template<typename Framebuffer>
-inline void drawGlyph(Framebuffer& fb, int x, int y, char ch, int scale = 1, bool on = true) {
+inline void drawGlyph(Framebuffer& fb, int x, int y, char ch, int scale = 1, bool on = true,
+                      Rotation rotation = Rotation::None) {
     const auto& rows = glyphBitmap(ch);
+    if (rotation == Rotation::None && scale == 1 && on && ((x % 8) == 0)) {
+        for (int row = 0; row < kGlyphHeight; ++row) {
+            const uint8_t rowBits = rows[row];
+            fb.drawBits8(x, y + row, rowBits);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
     for (int row = 0; row < kGlyphHeight; ++row) {
         const uint8_t rowBits = rows[row];
         for (int col = 0; col < kGlyphWidth; ++col) {
             const uint8_t mask = static_cast<uint8_t>(1u << (kGlyphWidth - 1 - col));
-            if (rowBits & mask) {
-                for (int sx = 0; sx < scale; ++sx)
-                    for (int sy = 0; sy < scale; ++sy)
-                        fb.drawPixel(x + col * scale + sx, y + row * scale + sy, on);
+            if ((rowBits & mask) == 0)
+                continue;
+            for (int sx = 0; sx < scale; ++sx) {
+                for (int sy = 0; sy < scale; ++sy) {
+                    int dstX = x;
+                    int dstY = y;
+                    switch (rotation) {
+                        case Rotation::None:
+                            dstX += col * scale + sx;
+                            dstY += row * scale + sy;
+                            break;
+                        case Rotation::Clockwise90:
+                            dstX += row * scale + sx;
+                            dstY += (kGlyphWidth - 1 - col) * scale + sy;
+                            break;
+                        case Rotation::CounterClockwise90:
+                            dstX += (kGlyphHeight - 1 - row) * scale + sx;
+                            dstY += col * scale + sy;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    fb.drawPixel(dstX, dstY, on);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
+inline TextBounds measureTextBounds(std::string_view text, int scale = 1, int letterSpacing = 1,
+                                    Rotation rotation = Rotation::None) {
+    if (text.empty())
+        return {};
+    const int advance = (kGlyphWidth + letterSpacing) * scale;
+    const int extent  = static_cast<int>(text.size()) * advance - letterSpacing * scale;
+    const int height  = kGlyphHeight * scale;
+    switch (rotation) {
+        case Rotation::None:
+            return {extent, height};
+        case Rotation::Clockwise90:
+        case Rotation::CounterClockwise90:
+            return {height, extent};
+    }
+    return {extent, height};
+}
+
 inline int measureText(std::string_view text, int scale = 1, int letterSpacing = 1) {
     if (text.empty())
         return 0;
@@ -51,11 +105,22 @@ inline int measureText(std::string_view text, int scale = 1, int letterSpacing =
 
 template<typename Framebuffer>
 inline void drawText(Framebuffer& fb, int x, int y, std::string_view text, int scale = 1, bool on = true,
-                     int letterSpacing = 1) {
-    int cursor = x;
-    for (char ch: text) {
-        drawGlyph(fb, cursor, y, ch, scale, on);
-        cursor += (kGlyphWidth + letterSpacing) * scale;
+                     int letterSpacing = 1, Rotation rotation = Rotation::None) {
+    if (text.empty())
+        return;
+    const int advance = (kGlyphWidth + letterSpacing) * scale;
+    if (rotation == Rotation::None) {
+        int cursor = x;
+        for (char ch: text) {
+            drawGlyph(fb, cursor, y, ch, scale, on, rotation);
+            cursor += advance;
+        }
+    } else {
+        int cursor = y;
+        for (char ch: text) {
+            drawGlyph(fb, x, cursor, ch, scale, on, rotation);
+            cursor += advance;
+        }
     }
 }
 

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/app_framework.hpp

@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ struct AppContext {
     [[nodiscard]] IStorage*        storage() const { return services ? services->storage : nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] IRandom*         random() const { return services ? services->random : nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] IHighResClock*   highResClock() const { return services ? services->highResClock : nullptr; }
-    [[nodiscard]] IPowerManager*   powerManager() const { return services ? services->powerManager : nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] IFilesystem*     filesystem() const { return services ? services->filesystem : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] IEventBus*       eventBus() const { return services ? services->eventBus : nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] ILoopHooks*      loopHooks() const { return services ? services->loopHooks : nullptr; }
 
     void requestAppSwitchByIndex(std::size_t index) {
         pendingAppIndex = index;

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cardboy/sdk/event_bus.hpp>
 #include "app_framework.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ namespace cardboy::sdk {
 class AppSystem {
 public:
     explicit AppSystem(AppContext context);
+    ~AppSystem();
 
     void registerApp(std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory> factory);
     bool startApp(const std::string& name);
@@ -19,12 +21,12 @@ public:
 
     void run();
 
-    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t appCount() const { return factories.size(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        appCount() const { return factories.size(); }
     [[nodiscard]] const IAppFactory* factoryAt(std::size_t index) const;
     [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        indexOfFactory(const IAppFactory* factory) const;
     [[nodiscard]] std::size_t        currentFactoryIndex() const { return activeIndex; }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const IApp*       currentApp() const { return current.get(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] const IApp*        currentApp() const { return current.get(); }
     [[nodiscard]] const IAppFactory* currentFactory() const { return activeFactory; }
 
 private:
@@ -50,16 +52,18 @@ private:
     void          clearTimersForCurrentApp();
     TimerRecord*  findTimer(AppTimerHandle handle);
     bool          handlePendingSwitchRequest();
+    void          notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal signal);
 
-    AppContext                       context;
+    AppContext                                context;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory>> factories;
-    std::unique_ptr<IApp>                    current;
-    IAppFactory*                             activeFactory = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<IApp>                     current;
+    IAppFactory*                              activeFactory = nullptr;
     std::size_t                               activeIndex   = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
-    std::vector<TimerRecord>                 timers;
-    AppTimerHandle                           nextTimerId      = 1;
-    std::uint32_t                            currentGeneration = 0;
-    InputState                               lastInputState{};
+    std::vector<TimerRecord>                  timers;
+    AppTimerHandle                            nextTimerId       = 1;
+    std::uint32_t                             currentGeneration = 0;
+    InputState                                lastInputState{};
+    bool                                      suppressInputs = false;
 };
 
 inline AppTimerHandle AppContext::scheduleTimerInternal(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+class FramebufferHooks {
+public:
+    using PreSendHook = void (*)(void* framebuffer, void* userData);
+
+    static void setPreSendHook(PreSendHook hook, void* userData);
+    static void clearPreSendHook();
+    static void invokePreSend(void* framebuffer);
+
+private:
+    static PreSendHook hook_;
+    static void*       userData_;
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/persistent_settings.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+struct PersistentSettings {
+    bool mute           = false;
+    bool autoLightSleep = false;
+};
+
+PersistentSettings loadPersistentSettings(Services* services);
+void               savePersistentSettings(Services* services, const PersistentSettings& settings);
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/include/cardboy/sdk/status_bar.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cardboy/sdk/input_state.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/services.hpp"
+
+#include "cardboy/gfx/font16x8.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+class StatusBar {
+public:
+    static StatusBar& instance();
+
+    void setServices(Services* services) { services_ = services; }
+
+    void               setEnabled(bool value);
+    void               toggle();
+    [[nodiscard]] bool isEnabled() const { return enabled_; }
+
+    void setCurrentAppName(std::string_view name);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool handleToggleInput(const InputState& current, const InputState& previous);
+
+    template<typename Framebuffer>
+    void renderIfEnabled(Framebuffer& fb) {
+        if (!enabled_)
+            return;
+        renderBar(fb);
+    }
+
+private:
+    StatusBar() = default;
+
+    template<typename Framebuffer>
+    void renderBar(Framebuffer& fb) {
+        const int width = fb.width();
+        if (width <= 0)
+            return;
+
+        const int barHeight  = font16x8::kGlyphHeight + 2;
+        const int fillHeight = std::min(barHeight, fb.height());
+        if (fillHeight <= 0)
+            return;
+
+        const std::string leftText  = prepareLeftText(width);
+        const std::string rightText = prepareRightText();
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < fillHeight; ++y) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
+                fb.drawPixel(x, y, true);
+        }
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
+            fb.drawPixel(x, 0, false);
+
+        const int textY            = 1;
+        const int bottomSeparatorY = textY + font16x8::kGlyphHeight + 1;
+        if (bottomSeparatorY < fillHeight) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
+                fb.drawPixel(x, bottomSeparatorY, (x % 2) != 0);
+        }
+
+        const int leftX = 2;
+        if (!leftText.empty())
+            font16x8::drawText(fb, leftX, textY, leftText, 1, false, 1);
+
+        if (!rightText.empty()) {
+            int       rightWidth = font16x8::measureText(rightText, 1, 1);
+            int       rightX     = width - rightWidth - 2;
+            const int minRightX  = leftX + font16x8::measureText(leftText, 1, 1) + 6;
+            if (rightX < minRightX)
+                rightX = std::max(minRightX, width / 2);
+            if (rightX < width)
+                font16x8::drawText(fb, rightX, textY, rightText, 1, false, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string prepareLeftText(int displayWidth) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string prepareRightText() const;
+
+    bool        enabled_  = false;
+    Services*   services_ = nullptr;
+    std::string appName_{};
+};
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/app_system.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/status_bar.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <limits>
@@ -11,10 +13,28 @@ namespace {
            a.select != b.select || a.start != b.start;
 }
 
-constexpr std::uint32_t kIdlePollMs = 16;
+[[nodiscard]] bool anyButtonPressed(const InputState& state) {
+    return state.up || state.down || state.left || state.right || state.a || state.b || state.select || state.start;
+}
+
+template<typename Framebuffer>
+void statusBarPreSendHook(void* framebuffer, void* userData) {
+    auto* fb     = static_cast<Framebuffer*>(framebuffer);
+    auto* status = static_cast<StatusBar*>(userData);
+    if (fb && status)
+        status->renderIfEnabled(*fb);
+}
 } // namespace
 
-AppSystem::AppSystem(AppContext ctx) : context(std::move(ctx)) { context.system = this; }
+AppSystem::AppSystem(AppContext ctx) : context(std::move(ctx)) {
+    context.system  = this;
+    auto& statusBar = StatusBar::instance();
+    statusBar.setServices(context.services);
+    using FBType = typename AppContext::Framebuffer;
+    FramebufferHooks::setPreSendHook(&statusBarPreSendHook<FBType>, &statusBar);
+}
+
+AppSystem::~AppSystem() { FramebufferHooks::clearPreSendHook(); }
 
 void AppSystem::registerApp(std::unique_ptr<IAppFactory> factory) {
     if (!factory)
@@ -53,6 +73,9 @@ bool AppSystem::startAppByIndex(std::size_t index) {
     clearTimersForCurrentApp();
     current        = std::move(app);
     lastInputState = context.input.readState();
+    suppressInputs = true;
+    StatusBar::instance().setServices(context.services);
+    StatusBar::instance().setCurrentAppName(activeFactory ? activeFactory->name() : "");
     current->onStart();
     return true;
 }
@@ -67,12 +90,21 @@ void AppSystem::run() {
     events.reserve(4);
 
     while (true) {
+        if (auto* hooks = context.loopHooks())
+            hooks->onLoopIteration();
+
         events.clear();
         const std::uint32_t now = context.clock.millis();
         processDueTimers(now, events);
 
-        const InputState inputNow = context.input.readState();
-        if (inputsDiffer(inputNow, lastInputState)) {
+        const InputState inputNow               = context.input.readState();
+        const bool       consumedByStatusToggle = StatusBar::instance().handleToggleInput(inputNow, lastInputState);
+
+        if (suppressInputs) {
+            lastInputState = inputNow;
+            if (!anyButtonPressed(inputNow))
+                suppressInputs = false;
+        } else if (!consumedByStatusToggle && inputsDiffer(inputNow, lastInputState)) {
             AppEvent evt{};
             evt.type            = AppEventType::Button;
             evt.timestamp_ms    = now;
@@ -80,6 +112,8 @@ void AppSystem::run() {
             evt.button.previous = lastInputState;
             events.push_back(evt);
             lastInputState = inputNow;
+        } else if (consumedByStatusToggle) {
+            lastInputState = inputNow;
         }
 
         for (const auto& evt: events) {
@@ -94,13 +128,19 @@ void AppSystem::run() {
         if (waitMs == 0)
             continue;
 
-        if (waitMs == std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max())
-            waitMs = kIdlePollMs;
-        else
-            waitMs = std::min(waitMs, kIdlePollMs);
+        auto* eventBus = context.eventBus();
+        if (!eventBus)
+            return;
 
-        if (waitMs > 0)
-            context.clock.sleep_ms(waitMs);
+        const std::uint32_t mask = to_event_bits(EventBusSignal::Input) | to_event_bits(EventBusSignal::Timer);
+
+        if (waitMs == std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+            eventBus->cancelTimerSignal();
+            eventBus->wait(mask, IEventBus::kWaitForever);
+        } else {
+            eventBus->scheduleTimerSignal(waitMs);
+            eventBus->wait(mask, IEventBus::kWaitForever);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -134,24 +174,32 @@ AppTimerHandle AppSystem::scheduleTimer(std::uint32_t delay_ms, bool repeat) {
     record.repeat      = repeat;
     record.active      = true;
     timers.push_back(record);
+    notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal::Timer);
     return record.id;
 }
 
 void AppSystem::cancelTimer(AppTimerHandle handle) {
     auto* timer = findTimer(handle);
-    if (timer)
-        timer->active = false;
+    if (!timer)
+        return;
+    timer->active = false;
     timers.erase(std::remove_if(timers.begin(), timers.end(), [](const TimerRecord& rec) { return !rec.active; }),
                  timers.end());
+    notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal::Timer);
 }
 
 void AppSystem::cancelAllTimers() {
+    bool changed = false;
     for (auto& timer: timers) {
-        if (timer.generation == currentGeneration)
+        if (timer.generation == currentGeneration && timer.active) {
             timer.active = false;
+            changed      = true;
+        }
     }
     timers.erase(std::remove_if(timers.begin(), timers.end(), [](const TimerRecord& rec) { return !rec.active; }),
                  timers.end());
+    if (changed)
+        notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal::Timer);
 }
 
 void AppSystem::dispatchEvent(const AppEvent& event) {
@@ -196,8 +244,11 @@ std::uint32_t AppSystem::nextTimerDueMs(std::uint32_t now) const {
 }
 
 void AppSystem::clearTimersForCurrentApp() {
+    const bool hadTimers = !timers.empty();
     ++currentGeneration;
     timers.clear();
+    if (hadTimers)
+        notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal::Timer);
 }
 
 AppSystem::TimerRecord* AppSystem::findTimer(AppTimerHandle handle) {
@@ -227,5 +278,11 @@ bool AppSystem::handlePendingSwitchRequest() {
     return switched;
 }
 
-} // namespace cardboy::sdk
+void AppSystem::notifyEventBus(EventBusSignal signal) {
+    if (signal == EventBusSignal::None)
+        return;
+    if (auto* bus = context.eventBus())
+        bus->signal(to_event_bits(signal));
+}
 
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/framebuffer_hooks.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "cardboy/sdk/framebuffer_hooks.hpp"
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+FramebufferHooks::PreSendHook FramebufferHooks::hook_     = nullptr;
+void*                         FramebufferHooks::userData_ = nullptr;
+
+void FramebufferHooks::setPreSendHook(PreSendHook hook, void* userData) {
+    hook_     = hook;
+    userData_ = userData;
+}
+
+void FramebufferHooks::clearPreSendHook() {
+    hook_     = nullptr;
+    userData_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+void FramebufferHooks::invokePreSend(void* framebuffer) {
+    if (hook_)
+        hook_(framebuffer, userData_);
+}
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/persistent_settings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "cardboy/sdk/persistent_settings.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr std::string_view kNamespace         = "settings";
+constexpr std::string_view kMuteKey           = "mute";
+constexpr std::string_view kAutoLightSleepKey = "autosleep";
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t boolToStorage(bool value) { return value ? 1U : 0U; }
+[[nodiscard]] bool          storageToBool(std::uint32_t value) { return value != 0U; }
+} // namespace
+
+PersistentSettings loadPersistentSettings(Services* services) {
+    PersistentSettings settings{};
+    if (!services || !services->storage)
+        return settings;
+
+    std::uint32_t raw = 0;
+    if (services->storage->readUint32(kNamespace, kMuteKey, raw))
+        settings.mute = storageToBool(raw);
+
+    if (services->storage->readUint32(kNamespace, kAutoLightSleepKey, raw))
+        settings.autoLightSleep = storageToBool(raw);
+
+    return settings;
+}
+
+void savePersistentSettings(Services* services, const PersistentSettings& settings) {
+    if (!services || !services->storage)
+        return;
+
+    services->storage->writeUint32(kNamespace, kMuteKey, boolToStorage(settings.mute));
+    services->storage->writeUint32(kNamespace, kAutoLightSleepKey, boolToStorage(settings.autoLightSleep));
+}
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/core/src/status_bar.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include "cardboy/sdk/status_bar.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace cardboy::sdk {
+
+StatusBar& StatusBar::instance() {
+    static StatusBar bar;
+    return bar;
+}
+
+void StatusBar::setEnabled(bool value) { enabled_ = value; }
+
+void StatusBar::toggle() {
+    enabled_ = !enabled_;
+    if (services_ && services_->buzzer)
+        services_->buzzer->beepMove();
+}
+
+void StatusBar::setCurrentAppName(std::string_view name) {
+    appName_.assign(name.begin(), name.end());
+    std::transform(appName_.begin(), appName_.end(), appName_.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char ch) { return static_cast<char>(std::toupper(ch)); });
+}
+
+bool StatusBar::handleToggleInput(const InputState& current, const InputState& previous) {
+    const bool comboNow  = current.start && current.select && current.up;
+    const bool comboPrev = previous.start && previous.select && previous.up;
+    if (comboNow && !comboPrev) {
+        toggle();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::string StatusBar::prepareLeftText(int displayWidth) const {
+    std::string text     = appName_.empty() ? std::string("CARDBOY") : appName_;
+    int         maxWidth = std::max(0, displayWidth - 32);
+    while (!text.empty() && font16x8::measureText(text, 1, 1) > maxWidth)
+        text.pop_back();
+    return text;
+}
+
+std::string StatusBar::prepareRightText() const {
+    if (!services_)
+        return {};
+
+    std::string right;
+    if (services_->battery && services_->battery->hasData()) {
+        const float current   = services_->battery->current();
+        const float chargeMah = services_->battery->charge();
+        const float fallbackV = services_->battery->voltage();
+        char        buf[64];
+        if (std::isfinite(current) && std::isfinite(chargeMah)) {
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "cur %.2fmA chr %.2fmAh", static_cast<double>(current),
+                          static_cast<double>(chargeMah));
+        } else {
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "vol %.2fV", static_cast<double>(fallbackV));
+        }
+        right.assign(buf);
+    }
+
+    if (services_->buzzer && services_->buzzer->isMuted()) {
+        if (!right.empty())
+            right.append(" ");
+        right.append("MUTE");
+    }
+
+    return right;
+}
+
+} // namespace cardboy::sdk

Firmware/sdk/launchers/desktop/src/main.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #include "cardboy/apps/clock_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/gameboy_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/menu_app.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/apps/settings_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/apps/tetris_app.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/backend/desktop_backend.hpp"
 #include "cardboy/sdk/app_system.hpp"
+#include "cardboy/sdk/persistent_settings.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <exception>
@@ -18,7 +20,13 @@ int main() {
         context.services = &runtime.serviceRegistry();
         cardboy::sdk::AppSystem system(context);
 
+        const cardboy::sdk::PersistentSettings persistentSettings =
+                cardboy::sdk::loadPersistentSettings(context.getServices());
+        if (auto* buzzer = context.buzzer())
+            buzzer->setMuted(persistentSettings.mute);
+
         system.registerApp(apps::createMenuAppFactory());
+        system.registerApp(apps::createSettingsAppFactory());
         system.registerApp(apps::createClockAppFactory());
         system.registerApp(apps::createGameboyAppFactory());
         system.registerApp(apps::createTetrisAppFactory());

Firmware/sdk/utils/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+add_library(cardboy_utils INTERFACE)
+
+option(CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS "More checks" OFF)
+
+set_target_properties(cardboy_utils PROPERTIES
+        EXPORT_NAME utils
+)
+
+target_include_directories(cardboy_utils
+        INTERFACE
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+)
+
+if(CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS)
+    target_compile_definitions(cardboy_utils INTERFACE CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS=1)
+endif()
+
+target_sources(cardboy_utils
+    INTERFACE
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cardboy/utils/utils.hpp
+)

Firmware/sdk/utils/include/cardboy/utils/utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//
+// Created by Stepan Usatiuk on 11.10.2025.
+//
+
+#ifndef CARDBOY_SDK_UTILS_HPP
+#define CARDBOY_SDK_UTILS_HPP
+
+#ifndef CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS
+#define CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS 0
+#endif
+
+#if CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+// Fails the program with a message. Internal use.
+#define CARDBOY__CHECK_FAIL_IMPL(expr_str, file, line, func, msg_opt)            \
+    do {                                                                         \
+        std::fprintf(stderr,                                                     \
+                      "CARDBOY_CHECK failed: %s\n  at %s:%d in %s%s%s\n",        \
+                      (expr_str), (file), (line), (func),                         \
+                      ((msg_opt) ? "\n  message: " : ""),                        \
+                      ((msg_opt) ? (msg_opt) : ""));                             \
+        std::fflush(stderr);                                                     \
+        std::abort();                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+// Runtime check that is active only when CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS != 0.
+// Evaluates the expression exactly once.
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK(expr)                                                      \
+    do {                                                                         \
+        if (!(expr)) {                                                           \
+            CARDBOY__CHECK_FAIL_IMPL(#expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, NULL); \
+        }                                                                        \
+    } while (0)
+
+// Same as CARDBOY_CHECK but allows providing a custom C-string message.
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK_MSG(expr, msg)                                             \
+    do {                                                                         \
+        if (!(expr)) {                                                           \
+            CARDBOY__CHECK_FAIL_IMPL(#expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, (msg));\
+        }                                                                        \
+    } while (0)
+
+// Execute arbitrary code only when checks are enabled.
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK_CODE(code)                                                 \
+    do {                                                                         \
+        code;                                                                    \
+    } while (0)
+
+#else
+// Checks compiled out when CARDBOY_MORE_CHECKS == 0.
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK(expr)        do { (void)sizeof(expr); } while (0)
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK_MSG(expr, _) do { (void)sizeof(expr); } while (0)
+#define CARDBOY_CHECK_CODE(code)   do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CARDBOY_SDK_UTILS_HPP

Firmware/sdkconfig

@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ CONFIG_COMPILER_RT_LIB_GCCLIB=y
 CONFIG_COMPILER_RT_LIB_NAME="gcc"
 CONFIG_COMPILER_ORPHAN_SECTIONS_WARNING=y
 # CONFIG_COMPILER_ORPHAN_SECTIONS_PLACE is not set
-CONFIG_COMPILER_STATIC_ANALYZER=y
+# CONFIG_COMPILER_STATIC_ANALYZER is not set
 # end of Compiler options
 
 #